Figure 20.

A selected summary of diverse organelle-directing motifs. Diverse targeting methods of differing provenance exist for the following: the nucleus,^48,119−122 including those based on classical Hoechst “stain”;¹²³ the ER via C-terminal signal KDEL,¹²⁴ eeyarestatin,¹²⁵ N-terminal signal CYPIIC1,¹²⁶ or others;¹²⁷ the cell surface via localization signals (e.g., LCK_1–10¹²⁸), biomarker binding (e.g., “covalent” aptamers¹²⁹ or lectins¹³⁰), or metabolically labeled residues (e.g., glycans¹³¹ and lipids^132,133); the lysosome;^134,135 the mitochondrion^136,137 via aryl phosphoniums,^138,139 quinoliniums,¹⁴⁰ rhodamines,^141−143 metal complexes (e.g., suggested gold,¹⁴⁴ platinum,¹⁴⁵ ruthenium,¹⁴⁶ and iridium¹⁴⁷) and targeting peptides;^{136,148−150} and Golgi (e.g., EBAG9,¹⁵¹ suggested thiopeptides,^152−154 and suggested aminoquinolines¹⁵⁵).