Table 3.
CAC group | Average e’ (cm/s) |
Average E/e’ ratio |
E/A ratio |
LAVI |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Effect size ± SE | P value | Effect size ± SE | P value | Effect size ± SE | P value | Effect size ± SE | P value | |
CAC = 0 (n = 1251) | reference | reference | ||||||
CAC >0 and ≤ 17.5 (n = 277) | −0.33 ± 0.12 | 0.008 | 0.17 ± 0.14 | 0.23 | −0.025 ± 0.026 | 0.35 | 0.84 ± 0.47 | 0.073 |
CAC >17.5 and ≤ 176 (n = 277) | −0.44 ± 0.13 | 0.002 | 0.46 ± 0.15 | 0.003 | –0.016 ± 0.029 | 0.59 | 0.32 ± 0.51 | 0.52 |
CAC >176 (n = 277) | −0.52 ± 0.15 | <0.0001 | 0.86 ± 0.17 | <0.0001 | −0.030 ± 0.032 | 0.36 | 0.21 ± 0.57 | 0.72 |
The subgrouping of individuals with CAC >0 was based on CAC tertile limits. Effect sizes were adjusted for clinical correlates identified in stepwise linear regression. The co-variables included for e’ included age, age,2 Asian or Black race, body height and weight, pulse pressure, use of beta blockers, HbA1C, and triglycerides. For E/e’, these included age,2 female sex, Asian or Black race, body height and weight, pulse pressure, use of diuretics, HbA1C and total cholesterol. For E/A ratio, the co-variables included age, age,2 Asian race, body height and weight, use of ACE inhibitors, cardiovascular disease, HbA1C, LDL-C and triglycerides. For LAVI, the co-variables included age,2 Black race, pulse pressure, heart rate, use of beta blockers, use of diuretics, cardiovascular disease, COPD, HbA1C, and eGFR. CAC, coronary artery calcium; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; LAVI, left atrial volume index; SE, standard error.