Figure 3.

Extended Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) classifications for non-Hispanic White (NHW) and African American (AA) participants in COPDGene using alternative prediction equations. This provides a visual comparison of differences between AA and NHW participants using different prediction equations and emphasizes the potential impact of the fixed-ratio discrepancy for AA individuals with an inability to move into GOLD stages, as noted in the legend for Figure 2. This is characterized by the large number of PRISm-classified AA participants and fewer GOLD stage 1 participants. GLI = Global Lung Function Initiative; NHANES = National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; PRISm = preserved ratio impaired spirometry.