Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies.
| Study period | Region | Duration of pain | Follow-up (d) | Patients (n) | Mean age (y) | Male (n) | Intervention (n) | Placebo (n) | Active control (n) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Groef et al.33 2018 | 2017 | Belgium | at least 3 months | 180 | 50 | 55±10 | NRa | BTX-Ab 25 | Saline 25 | |
| Groef et al.34 2020 | 2017 | Belgium | at least 3 months | 180 | 50 | 55±10 | NR | BTX-A 25 | Saline 25 | |
| Li et al.35. 2019 | 2019 | China | NR | 30 | 120 | 51±6.5 | 66 | BTX-A 60 | NR | |
| Wittekindt et al.28 2006 | 2006 | Germany | at least 12 months | 28 | 23 | 60.4±11.4 | 21 | BTX-A 13 | NR | BTX-A 10 |
a
NR, not reported.
b
BTX-A, botulinum toxin type A.