| Author, year | Language | Country | Type of publication | Aim | Focus | Design adopted | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abdo,36 2014 | Dutch | The Netherlands | Article | Warning for the practice of ODE | The fact that ODE should not be used to reduce the transplant waiting list | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Allard et al.,21 2021 | English | Canada | Report of empirical research | To explore Québec professionals’ perspectives on the ethical issues related to organ donation after MAiD | Ethical aspects | Qualitative research | Database search |
| Allard & Fortin,12 2017 | English | Canada | Exploratory discussion | To look at relevant policies in other countries and examine the ethical issues associated with controlled donation after cardiac death in conscious patients who choose to die | Relevant policies | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Andersen,73 2021 | English | Denmark | Discussion paper | To discuss key reasons put forward in favor of permitting ODE to justify a more far‐reaching suggestion for regulation, permitting people to become living vital organ donors even when they are not about to die for other reasons | ODE, heart donation, dead donor rule | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Baines & Jindal,22 2017 | English | USA | Letter to the editor | To highlight missing psychosocial elements from the Dutch Practical Manual | Ethical aspects | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Ball et al.,6 2018 | English | USA | Editorial | To discuss the challenges associated with OD following MAiD | Ethical aspects | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Ball et al.,5 2020 | English | Canada | Letter to the editor | To discuss results from a cohort study on OD after MAiD in 3 Canadian provincial organ donation organizations | To present some possible statistics of OD after MAiD in Canada | Historical cohort study | Database search |
| BC Transplant; Organ Donation and Hospital Development,23 2020 | English | Canada | Institutional report | To present a donation after MAiD toolkit for health care workers | Procedural aspects of OD following MAiD | Manual | Database search |
| Bollen et al.,37 2019 | Dutch | The Netherlands | Journal article | An in-depth discussion of the legal aspects of OD after euthanasia in Belgium | The legal certainty that is provided with the relevant legislation and the risks that come from it | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Bollen et al.,3 2015 | English | The Netherlands | Conference abstract | To introduce the Dutch Act on Euthanasia and OD | Exploratory discussion | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Bollen et al.,26 2016 | English | The Netherlands | Exploratory discussion | To discuss the operational aspects of the Dutch Manual | Operational aspects | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Bollen et al.,4 2016 | English | Belgium and The Netherlands | Ethical and legal discussion | To explore the legal and ethical requirements and boundaries of OD after euthanasia in Belgium and The Netherlands | Ethical and legal discussion | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Bollen, et al.,24 2016 | English | The Netherlands | Conference abstract (empirical research) | Transplant outcomes comparisons | All cases of OD after euthanasia in The Netherlands until 2015 | Retrospective | Database search |
| Bollen, et al.,27 2017 | English | The Netherlands | Letter to the editor | To discuss some ethical issues that should be considered when discussing OD following euthanasia | Ethical aspects | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Bollen, et al.,28 2017 | English | Belgium | Research letter | To examine the number of patients undergoing euthanasia in Belgium who could potentially donate at least 1 organ | Exploratory discussion | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Bollen, et al.,25 2019 | English | Belgium and The Netherlands | Exploratory discussion | To discuss whether OD after euthanasia should be possible in children and adolescents, and what are the legal, medical, and ethical conditions for the combined procedure | OD following MAiD among children and adolescents | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Bollen, et al.,74 2019 | English | The Netherlands | Ethical and legal discussion | To explore whether it would be legally, medically, and ethically possible to perform ODE | Ethical and legal discussion | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Bollen, et al.,75 2020 | English | The Netherlands | Conference abstract (empirical research) | To examine the results of kidney transplants that were donated after euthanasia | Donation/transplant outcomes | Observational, retrospective | Database search |
| Bollen, et al.,8 2021 | English | The Netherlands | Response letter | Reply to the recent article by Buturovic,30 to be able to correct some statements and allegations | Exploratory discussion | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Bryan,29 2019 | English | Canada | Conference abstract | To discuss a community hospital experience with OD after MAiD in Ontario | Abstract | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Buturovic,30 2021 | English | Serbia | Exploratory discussion | To discuss the safeguard procedures in the OD following MAiD | Ethical and logistic discussion | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Buturovic,76 2021 | English | Serbia | Response letter | To discuss the implications that allowing euthanasia for psychiatric disorders could potentially have (including regarding to OD) | Ethical aspects | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Buturovic,31 2022 | English | Serbia | Reply to author | Reply to Bollen’s8 reply to Buturovic76 article | Provide discussion why OD after euthanasia should not be performed | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Casey et al.,32 2020 | English | Canada | Reflection of a case | To outline a case of a patient wishing to direct their OD after receiving MAiD | Directed OD | Reflection/study case | Database search |
| Ceulemans et al.,97 2020 | English | Belgium | Conference abstract: report of empirical research | To review experience with lung transplant after DCD-V and compare the outcomes with donation after brain death and DCD-III | Transplant outcomes comparisons | Case reviews | Database search |
| Cohen-Almagor,33 2013 | English | UK | Exploratory discussion | After a brief presentation of the Act on Euthanasia, concerns are raised about i) the changing role of physicians and imposition on nurses to perform euthanasia; ii) the physicians’ confusion and lack of understanding of the Act on Euthanasia; iii) inadequate consultation with independent experts; iv) lack of notification of euthanasia cases, and v) organ transplantations of euthanized patients. Finally, some suggestions designed to improve the situation are offered. | Explore issues regarding the Act on Euthanasia (Belgium) | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Comité d’éthique de Transplant Québec,77 2018 | French | Canada | Unpublished report of ethics committee at Transplant Québec | To provide ethical information about OD after MAiD to practitioners who may receive this request | Ethical considerations of OD after MAiD | Report | Database search |
| Commission de l’éthique en science et en technologie,34 2016 | French | Canada | Unpublished report of Québec Science and Technology Ethics Committee | To formulate recommendations for OD following MAiD from an ethical perspective | Contains review of legal context, including refusing or stopping life support in competent and non-comptetent patients, and the conditions required for organ retrieval; ethical values and how these apply to donors, family, health care professionals, society, and institutions; and ends with 5 recommendations | Report | Database search |
| Cook,79 2018 | English | Canada | News article | To discuss the possibility of amending the law to allow ODE | Exploratory discussion | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Cook,80 2020 | English | USA | News article | To discuss the position of the New England Journal of Medicine after a recent issue published in the journal | Exploratory discussion | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Cook,78 2014 | English | The Netherlands | News article | To discuss ethical issues related to linking euthanasia and OD | Ethical aspects | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Cronin,81 2014 | English | UK | Reflection/response letter | To present a reflection around death by donation on individual authorization, assisted suicide, and OD in Switzerland | Explore potential issues in OD after euthanasia in Switzerland (response to the article from David Shaw62 who said OD after euthanasia should be considered due the low rates of OD) | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Deachman,82 2020 | English | Canada | News article | To discuss the growing boon to OD associated with MAiD in Ontario | Exploratory discussion | Discussion news | Database search |
| Detry et al. 35 2020 | French | Belgium | Review | To review the evolution of criteria for OD with special emphasis on DCD and OD with MAiD | DCD criteria including discussion of MAiD | Review/dicussion paper | Database search |
| Dobec,83 2021 | English | Canada | News article | Interview with Dr. Jennifer Hancock about MAiD and organ and tissue donation and transplantation | To discuss aspects regarding organ donation following euthanasia | Discussion news | Database search |
| Downar et al.,49 2019 | English | Canada | Guidance for policy | To analyze organ and tissue donation in the conscious, competent patient from legal, medical, and ethical perspectives; develop and disseminate guidance for policies and clinical procedures for offering organ and tissue donation to patients who have made a decision that will lead to imminent death; develop a knowledge translation strategy that includes all relevant stakeholders; and identify questions for research | Political aspects (not only MAiD, but also withdrawal of life-sustaining measures) | Expert consensus to define the scope and key considerations regarding guidance to practice | Database search |
| Evrard et al.,45 2014 | English | Belgium | New classification | To propose a new classification of Maastricht for DCD | New classification | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Glinka et al.,46 2021 | English | Canada | Abstract + retrospective study | Study the results using DCD-MAiD liver grafts for transplantation | Liver transplantation outcomes | Retrospective study | Database search |
| Grant,86 2019 | English | Canada | News article | Report of case and guideline | Highlight the guidelines | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Gruben & Chandler,47 2017 | English | Canada | Journal article | To explore the legal and ethical questions that arise regarding OD following MAiD in Canada | A review of federal and provincial laws and policies governing MAiD and OD, in addition to the relevant national and international literature | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Haensel and Kompanje,84 2021 | Dutch | The Netherlands | Paper | To discuss organ donation following MAiD from an ethical lens | Exploratory discussion | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Healey et al.,48 2021 | English | Canada | Protocol | To describe a protocol for lung donation following MAiD at home and demonstrate excellent postoperative outcomes | Protocol for lung donation after MAiD at home | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Kinnaert,50 2011 | French | Belgium | Review | Review of DCD and ethical issues of practice including OD after euthanasia | DCD and ethics | Review | Database search |
| Kirby,51 2016 | English | Canada | Ethical exploratory discussion | To discuss if controlled donation after assisted death is more or less ethically problematic than standard controlled organ donation after circulatory determination of death | Ethical aspects | Reflection | Database search |
| Kirkey,88 2017 | English | Canada | News article | To discuss the pressure that OD can cause MAiD patients | Ethical aspects | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Kirkey,52 2019 | English | Canada | News article | To discuss why some experts argue that organs should be removed before death | Exploratory discussion | Discussion paper | Database search |
| KNMG,42 2017 | Dutch | The Netherlands | Report of symposium | Report of oral presentations and workshops of a symposium | Subject of the symposium was “around dying” | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Kompanje,38 2019 | Dutch | The Netherlands | Journal article | This article is a reaction to the article “Organ donation after euthanasia: legal considerations and issues”, which was published in the same journal | Discusses using an arterial line in a patient who is about to donate organs following euthanasia, and is followed by a reaction from the author of the original article (Bollen) | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Lemaitre & Hubert,53 2017 | French | Belgium | Case report with legal/ethical review | To review case of ALS patient who was an organ donor after MAiD, with review of legal framework and ethical principles | Legal and ethical principles that must be in place for proper implementation of OD after MAiD; contains a description of process for MAiD and a few details about criteria for OD (generally only those with neuro diseases or mental illness) | Case report with review | Database search |
| Linkins,54 2019 | English | Canada | Podcast audio reading | Reflection of the experience of having a best friend going through MAiD | Reflection | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Lossignol,89 2017 | French | Belgium | Editorial | Editorial discussing the publication of Lemaitre and Hubert53 about ALS OD in the same issue of the journal | Examination of MAiD procedure and estimates of potential donors by MAiD | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Luke et al.,98 2022 | English | Canada | Retrospective study | First Canadian report evaluating recipient outcomes from kidney transplantation following MAiD | Kidney transplantation outcomes | Retrospective study | Database search |
| Middleton,55 2019 | English | Canada | Response letter | To provide comments on OD after MAiD based on the publication of guidance for policy on donation after MAiD and other competent donors | Commentary | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Middleton,90 2020 | English | Canada | Letter to the editor | To discuss why the transplant community has little to gain and much to lose if it endorses directed donation after MAiD | Directed OD | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Milne et al.,91 2017 | English | Canada | News article | To discuss the ethical issues in combining OD and MAiD | Ethical aspects | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Mulder et al.,39 2017 | Dutch | The Netherlands | Article | Introduction of the guideline on OD after euthanasia to the medical professionals | Procedural aspects of the OD following MAiD | Description of guideline | Database search |
| Mulder,57 2019 | English | The Netherlands | Reflective paper | Reflection on the Canadian guidance and the creation of the Dutch clinical guideline currently in use in The Netherlands | Commentary | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Mulder et al.,85 2020 | Dutch | The Netherlands | Article | Response to an article by Haensel and Kompanje84 | The update of the Organ Donation Law does not imply that a physician is obliged to request a patient who is about to undergo euthanasia donate their organs | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Mulder & Sonneveld,10 2017 | English | The Netherlands | Letter to the editor | Report of the first case of OD following MAiD at home | Describe the case | Description of procedure | Database search |
| Mulder & Sonneveld,56 2018 | English | The Netherlands | Exploratory discussion | To describe procedures developed in The Netherlands to provide MAiD at home followed by OD | MAiD procedures at home | Description of procedure | Database search |
| Nederlandse Transplantatie Stichting,41 2017 | Dutch | The Netherlands | Manual | Description of concepts, process, and procedures | Manual to guide practice | Manual | Database search |
| Nederlandse Transplantatie Stichting,40 2021 | Dutch | The Netherlands | Manual | Description of concepts, process, and procedures | Manual to guide practice | Manual | Database search |
| Pauls,87 2018 | English | Canada | News article | To discuss the impact of OD on end-of-life experiences of those undergoing MAiD | Exploratory discussion | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Philpot,58 2018 | English | Australia | Exploratory discussion | To explore the practical and ethical considerations that need to be reviewed in order to support OD after assisted dying | Practical and ethical discussion | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Rawstorne,92 2016 | English | UK | News article | To bring to public attention to some ethical issues that can arise from OD after MAiD | Ethical aspects | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Regionale Toetsingscommissies Euthanasie, 2017 | Dutch | The Netherlands | Annual report | Overview of all euthanasia cases in 2017 in The Netherlands | Euthanasia cases | Annual report | Database search |
| Rosenbaum,59 2020 | English | USA | Editorial | To discuss a case study of a man with ALS who wanted to donate all of his organs before he died and some of the ethical concerns surrounding combining OD and MAiD | Ethical aspects | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Saad,1 2017 | English | USA | Essay/discussion | To describe and evaluate the Belgian euthanasia experience by considering practice and policy, both before and after the formal decriminalization of euthanasia in 2002 | Legislation and ethical aspects | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Sami et al.,60 2020 | English | Canada | Conference abstract: report of empirical research | To report on the unique experience of the team in OD following MAiD and the first reported outcomes from the procedure in North America | Transplant outcomes | Retrospective analysis of case reports | Database search |
| Shapiro,61 2018 | English | Canada | Editorial | To explore the possibility of OD as a mode of euthanasia (MAiD) and to clarify the process of OD and the dead donor rule | Ethical aspects | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Shaw,62 2014 | English | UK | Editorial | To discuss the possibility of OD after assisted dying in Switzerland | Ethical aspects (and practical issues) | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Smith,93 2021 | English | Canada | News article | To discuss the ODE | Exploratory discussion | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Société Belge de Transplantation,63 2015 | French | Belgium | Brochure, which appears to be for general public | To increase knowledge of the process, improve quality of life of people with terminal illness, and save lives | Description of processes, kidney transplant tool, and resource (contains many contact numbers for more info) | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Somerville,64 2019 | English | USA | Editorial/essay | To discuss ethical issues related to linking euthanasia and OD | Ethical aspects | Discussion paper | Database search |
| Tajaâte et al.,94 2021 | English | The Netherlands | Case report with legal/ethical review | To describe the procedure of OD after euthanasia starting at home following anesthesia in a former health care professional suffering from multiple system atrophy | Exploratory discussion | Case report | Database search |
| Trillium Gift of Life Network, n.d.,65 | English | Canada | Document of organization/institution | To provide the annual report for 2017/2018 of the activities and plan from Trillium Gift of Life Network | Processes | Discussion paper | Database search |
| University Health Network Foundation,95 2021 | English | Canada | News article | To discuss the first case of transplant after MAiD at home performed at University Health Network (mainly based on the article5 that has been published) | Lung donation | Discussion paper | Database search |
| van de Vathorst & de Beaufort,96 2016 | English | USA | Editorial | To discuss the ethical and moral issues related to OD following euthanasia | Ethical aspects | Discussion paper | Database search |
| van Dijk et al.,43 2013 | Dutch | The Netherlands | Case report | First case report of ODE in The Netherlands | Procedural aspects of the OD following MAiD | Case analysis | Database search |
| van Dijk et al.,67 2018 | English | The Netherlands | Case report | To describe a case from the Erasmus Medical Centre in November 2015; provide some suggestions to ensure that the request for euthanasia is separated as much as possible from the wish to donate organs; discuss ways to inform possible candidates of the existence of ODE | Case report analysis for improvement of process | Case report | Database search |
| Van Raemdonck et al.,68 2011 | English | Germany | Report of empirical research | To report on experience with lung transplantation after euthanasia, to present recipient outcomes, and to discuss practical and ethical considerations | Transplant outcomes | Case reviews using a prospectively gathered database | Database search |
| Van Raemdonck et al.,100 2013 | English | Belgium | Conference abstract: report of empirical research | To examine outcomes in recipients transplanted with lungs recovered from controlled DCD-V (euthanasia donors) | Transplant outcomes | Retrospective review of cases | Database search |
| Van Raemdonck et al.,69 2016 | English | Belgium | Conference abstract: report of empirical research | To examine early and long-term survival of lung transplantation following euthanasia | Transplant outcomes | Retrospective review of cases | Database search |
| Van Raemdonck et al.,101 2018 | English | Belgium | Conference abstract: report of empirical research | To compare survival between lung transplant recipients who received an allograft from a DCD donor or donation after brain death donor | Transplant outcomes | Retrospective review of cases | Database search |
| van Reeven et al.,70 2020 | English | USA | Report of empirical research | To assess the outcomes of liver transplants with grafts donated after euthanasia (DCD-V) and to compare them with results of the more commonly performed LTs with grafts from donors after circulatory arrest resulting from withdrawal of life support (DCD-III) | Transplant outcome comparisons | Retrospective cohort study | Database search |
| van Smaalen et al.,44 2018 | Dutch | The Netherlands | Article | To provide an overview of the practice of ODE for general practitioners | Introducing ODE to general practitioners and discussing what they need to do in an ODE procedure | Discussion paper | Database search |
| van Suylen et al.,66 2021 | English | The Netherlands | Prospective study | To underline the potential of DCD-V heart donation for both clinical heart transplantation and research on human donor hearts | Heart donation (possibilities) | Prospective study | Database search |
| van Wijngaarden et al.,99 2016 | English | USA | Case report | To discuss the ethical and legal concerns regarding ODE | Ethical aspects | Case reports | Database search |
| Yazdani et al.,71 2018 | English | Canada | Discussion paper | To discuss the ethical-legal issues raised by MAiD and OD by analyzing issues raised in 4 possible scenarios for OD to occur in the context of MAiD | Ethical aspects | Case analysis | Databases search |
| Ysebaert et al.,72 2015 | English | Belgium | Conference abstract: case reports | To report on OD following euthanasia in Belgium | Donation/transplantation outcomes | Case reports | Databases search |
ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; BC, British Colombia; DCD, donation after circulatory death; MAiD, medical assistance in dying; N/A, not applicable; OD, organ donation; ODE, organ donation euthanasia; QI, quality improvement