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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Dev Psychol. 2023 Oct 12;59(11):2162–2173. doi: 10.1037/dev0001630

Table 1.

Top referents by target word

Target word Most common referent 2nd most common referent 3rd most common
referent
all-gone crayons gone done reading cookies gone
bye-bye dad leaving camera (done recording) ending phone call
hi mom greeting child answering phone answering pretend phone call
more more cereal more beans more cheese
night-night goodnight book animals going to bed in book eyes closing on flap book
no child not wanting to read child not wanting to share toys with mom child not wanting specific book
shh wheels on the bus song - parents on the bus say shh hush song - little babies love to sleep child screaming
thank-you child giving mom play doh child giving mom block child giving mom bubble wand
uh-oh child falling microphone falling off broken crayon
up mom picking child up pop up toy pop up book
wow play doh bubbles child falling
yum yogurt lunch (unspecified) cheese