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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Aggress Behav. 2023 Nov 14;50(1):e22123. doi: 10.1002/ab.22123

Table 4.

Descriptive Statistics and scale reliability for Study 2 Measures

Scale Mean Std. Deviation Min Max Skewness Kurtosis Alpha
ABC 3.12 3.18 0 10 0.77 −0.59
ABO 3.30 3.34 0 10 0.68 −0.77
Neutral-Commission 7.31 2.7 0 10 −0.91 0.24
Mere inaction 7.73 2.44 0 10 −1.04 0.60
ABC VSS 2.11 1.31 1.00 6.43 1.17 0.50 .95
ABO VSS 2.12 1.33 1.00 7.00 1.32 1.40 .95
Neutral-Commission VSS 1.20 0.54 1.00 4.29 3.72 15.19 .97
Mere inaction VSS 1.23 0.57 1.00 4.00 3.34 11.85 .97
BPAQ Anger 2.9 1.1 1 5.7 0.43 −0.6 0.8
BPAQ Hostility 3.7 1.2 1 6.8 0.15 −0.4 0.8
BPAQ Physical aggression 2.7 1 1 6.2 0.37 −0.4 0.8
BPAQ Verbal aggression 3.5 1.2 1 6.6 0.25 −0 0.7
NEO-IPIP Agreeableness 3.9 0.5 3 4.9 −0.6 0.05 0.7
NEO-IPIP Conscientiousness 3.5 0.6 2 4.8 −0.3 0.25 0.8
NEO-IPIP Extraversion 3.6 0.6 1 4.9 −0.4 −0.2 0.8
NEO-IPIP Neuroticism 3.1 0.7 1 4.8 −0.1 −0.3 0.8
NEO-IPIP Openness 3.5 0.4 2 4.4 −0.2 −0.2 0.4