Table 1.
Characteristics of the pooled sample, by quartiles of the Southern European Atlantic Diet
| N | Southern European Atlantic Diet | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile 1 (lowest) | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 (highest) | Total | |
| 9 981 | 8 065 | 8 161 | 9 710 | 35 917 | |
| Sex—male (%) | 4 733 (47.4) | 3 987 (49.4) | 4 328 (53.0) | 5 325 (54.8)* | 18 373 (51.2) |
| Age (years) | 53.5 (13.3) | 53.3 (12.9) | 54.3 (11.7) | 55.8 (10.1)* | 54.2 (12.1) |
| Educational level (%) | |||||
| Primary or less | 1 815 (18.2) | 1 399 (17.3) | 1 249 (15.3) | 1 215 (12.5)* | 5 678 (15.8) |
| Secondary or vocational | 5 796 (58.1) | 4 567 (56.6) | 4 705 (57.7) | 5 576 (57.4) | 20 644 (57.5) |
| University | 2 311 (23.2) | 2 052 (25.4) | 2 172 (26.6) | 2 890 (29.8) | 9 425 (26.2) |
| No data | 59 (0.59) | 47 (0.58) | 35 (0.43) | 29 (0.30) | 170 (0.47) |
| Marital status (%) | |||||
| Single | 1 561 (15.6) | 1 125 (13.9) | 935 (11.5) | 803 (8.27)* | 4 424 (12.3) |
| Married/cohabiting | 6 517 (65.3) | 5 639 (69.9) | 6 042 (74.0) | 7 552 (77.8) | 25 750 (71.7) |
| Divorced/separated or widowed | 1 731 (17.3) | 1 195 (14.8) | 1 086 (13.3) | 1 261 (13.0) | 5 273 (14.7) |
| No data | 172 (1.72) | 106 (1.31) | 98 (1.20) | 94 (0.97) | 470 (1.31) |
| Tobacco smoking (%) | |||||
| Never | 4 351 (43.6) | 3 543 (43.9) | 3 742 (45.9) | 4 373 (45.0)* | 16 009 (44.6) |
| Former | 2 760 (27.7) | 2 333 (28.9) | 2 419 (29.6) | 3 043 (31.3) | 10 555 (29.4) |
| Current | 2 780 (27.9) | 2 146 (26.6) | 1 959 (24.0) | 2 249 (23.2) | 9 134 (25.4) |
| No data | 90 (0.90) | 43 (0.53) | 41 (0.50) | 45 (0.46) | 219 (0.61) |
| Physical activity (hours/week) | 19.1 (14.7) | 20.2 (14.6) | 19.7 (14.5) | 20.0 (14.5)* | 19.7 (14.6) |
| Energy intake (kcal/day) | 1 811 (598) | 2 082 (628) | 2 238 (650) | 2 464 (737)* | 2 145 (701) |
| Diabetes (%) | 920 (9.22) | 825 (10.2) | 882 (10.8) | 1 169 (12.0)* | 3 796 (10.6) |
| Cardiovascular disease history (%) | 1 218 (12.2) | 892 (11.1) | 957 (11.7) | 1 383 (14.2)* | 4 450 (12.4) |
| Musculoskeletal disease (%) | 4 226 (42.3) | 3 327 (41.3) | 3 662 (44.9) | 4 769 (49.1)* | 15 984 (44.5) |
| Chronic lung disease (%) | 1 149 (11.5) | 839 (10.4) | 907 (11.1) | 1 150 (11.8)* | 4 045 (11.3) |
| Cancer history (%) | 370 (3.71) | 293 (3.63) | 292 (3.58) | 390 (4.02) | 1 345 (3.74) |
| Depression (%) | 1 405 (14.1) | 921 (11.4) | 867 (10.6) | 1 033 (10.6)* | 4 226 (11.8) |
Values are numbers (%) or means (standard deviations).
* P-value < 0.05 for differences in means (ANOVA) or proportions (Pearson’s χ2) across quartiles of the Southern European Atlantic Diet.