Table 2.
Hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for the association between the Southern European Atlantic Diet and 13.6-year all-cause mortality
| Southern European Atlantic Diet | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile 1 (lowest) | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 (highest) | Per 1-SD increment | |
| Pooled sample | |||||
| Cases/n | 1 466/9 981 | 1 097/8 065 | 1 079/8 161 | 1 331/9 710 | 4 973/35 917 |
| Model 1a | Ref. | 0.96 (0.89, 1.04) | 0.86 (0.80, 0.93)*** | 0.81 (0.75, 0.88)*** | 0.91 (0.88, 0.93)*** |
| Model 2b | Ref. | 0.99 (0.92, 1.07) | 0.90 (0.83, 0.98)* | 0.85 (0.78, 0.92)*** | 0.92 (0.89, 0.95)*** |
| Spain | |||||
| Cases/n | 310/3 733 | 272/3 285 | 212/2 797 | 180/2 376 | 974/12 191 |
| Model 1a | Ref. | 1.04 (0.88, 1.22) | 1.00 (0.84, 1.19) | 0.88 (0.73, 1.06) | 0.95 (0.89, 1.01) |
| Model 2b | Ref. | 1.05 (0.89, 1.23) | 0.96 (0.81, 1.15) | 0.86 (0.72, 1.04) | 0.93 (0.88, 0.99)* |
| Czechia | |||||
| Cases/n | 521/2 251 | 323/1 658 | 374/1 962 | 478/2 501 | 1 696/8 372 |
| Model 1a | Ref. | 0.89 (0.77, 1.02) | 0.83 (0.73, 0.95)** | 0.85 (0.75, 0.97)* | 0.93 (0.89, 0.98)** |
| Model 2b | Ref. | 0.89 (0.78, 1.03) | 0.86 (0.75, 0.99)* | 0.87 (0.77, 1.00)* | 0.94 (0.89, 0.99)* |
| Poland | |||||
| Cases/n | 480/2 121 | 391/1 888 | 394/2 279 | 574/3 656 | 1 839/9 944 |
| Model 1a | Ref. | 0.95 (0.83, 1.09) | 0.79 (0.69, 0.91)*** | 0.73 (0.64, 0.82)*** | 0.86 (0.82, 0.90)*** |
| Model 2b | Ref. | 1.00 (0.87, 1.14) | 0.86 (0.75, 0.98)* | 0.79 (0.70, 0.90)*** | 0.89 (0.85, 0.93)*** |
| UK | |||||
| Cases/n | 155/1 876 | 111/1 234 | 99/1 123 | 99/1 177 | 464/5 410 |
| Model 1a | Ref. | 1.08 (0.84, 1.37) | 1.02 (0.79, 1.31) | 0.91 (0.70, 1.17) | 0.94 (0.86, 1.02) |
| Model 2b | Ref. | 1.16 (0.91, 1.48) | 1.12 (0.87, 1.45) | 1.00 (0.77, 1.28) | 0.98 (0.89, 1.07) |
SD, standard deviation.
aModel 1: Cox regression model stratified for country (pooled sample) and adjusted for sex, age, educational level (primary or less, secondary or vocational, university, or no data), and marital status (single, married/cohabiting, divorced/separated or widowed, or no data).
bModel 2: As Model 1 and additionally adjusted for tobacco smoking (never, former, current, or no data), leisure time physical activity (hours/week), energy intake (kcal/day), diabetes, cardiovascular disease history, musculoskeletal disease, chronic lung disease, cancer history, and depression.
* P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.