Table 2.
Associations of Type-Specific Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Presence and Degree of HPV Concordance Between Mother–Newborn and Father–Newborn Pairs Among Family Members of the Finnish Family HPV Study
| HPV Type | Newborn and Mother (n = 321) | Newborn HPV due to Mother (n = 321) | Newborn and Father (n = 134) | Newborn HPV due to Father (n = 134) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Both Negative | Child Positive | Mother Positive | Both Positive | % | κ | OR | (95% CI) | Both Negative | Child Positive | Father Positive | Both Positive | % | κ | OR | (95% CI) | |
| 6 | 300 | 6 | 6 | 9 | 60 | 0.58 | 75.0 | (20.2–278) | 114 | 7 | 10 | 3 | 23 | 0.19 | 4.89 | (1.09–21.9) |
| 11 | 314 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 128 | 1 | 4 | 0 | ||||||||
| 16 | 224 | 30 | 46 | 21 | 31 | 0.21 | 3.41 | (1.80–6.48) | 86 | 16 | 24 | 8 | 25 | 0.10 | 1.79 | (.67–4.69) |
| 18 | 307 | 5 | 7 | 2 | 22 | 0.23 | 17.5 | (2.89–106) | 130 | 0 | 4 | 0 | ||||
| 31 | 317 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 67 | 0.66 | 634 | (28.5–14 087) | 130 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 33 | 0.39 | 65.0 | (2.92–1448) |
| 33 | 305 | 13 | 3 | 0 | 121 | 3 | 10 | 0 | ||||||||
| 39 | 317 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 133 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
| 45 | 314 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 132 | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||||||||
| 53 | 320 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 129 | 1 | 4 | 0 | ||||||||
| 56 | 313 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 50 | 0.54 | 157 | (18.8–1304) | 132 | 0 | 2 | 0 | ||||
| 58 | 313 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 133 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
| 59 | 312 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 133 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||||||||
| 66 | 303 | 9 | 9 | 0 | 128 | 4 | 2 | 0 | ||||||||
| 68 | 320 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 136 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
| 70 | 317 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 129 | 0 | 5 | 0 | ||||||||
| 73 | 320 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 136 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
| 82 | 319 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 128 | 1 | 5 | 0 | ||||||||
% indicates proportions of mothers/fathers with concordant HPV genotype with their offspring. Cohen kappa (κ) shows the degree of HPV concordance between mothers/fathers and their newborns for each HPV genotype.
The following benchmark scale describes the degree of agreement (HPV concordance): <0.00, poor; 0.00–0.20, slight; 0.21–0.40, fair; 0.41–0.60, moderate; 0.61–0.80, substantial; 0.81–1.00, almost perfect degree of agreement.
Association of type-specific HPV presence between mothers/fathers and their newborns was determined by using unadjusted logistic regression analysis. Results are shown by ORs with 95% CIs. The reference category for specific HPV genotype positivity was the negativity for that HPV genotype. Moderate or higher degree of agreement (κ ≥ 0.41) and statistically significant ORs (P < .05) are shown in bold. Empty cells indicate results that cannot be computed due to zero frequencies.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HPV, human papillomavirus; OR, odds ratio.