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. 2023 Oct 9;19(2):237–245. doi: 10.1038/s41565-023-01507-y

Extended Data Fig. 10. Insulin receptor clustering at the cell membrane enables avidity effects between insulin receptor and insulin NanoRods.

Extended Data Fig. 10

DNA-PAINT super-resolution imaging revealed the presence of IR clustering at the cell membrane. NR-7 presents insulin molecules with a nominal average spacing of 17 nm and IR dimers are approximately 12 nm wide. Therefore, these nanostructures may offer the closest match between the distribution of insulin ligands in the nanostructures and IRs at the cell membrane. Further, increasing the number of insulin molecules per nanostructure, and therefore decreasing their spacing, as in NR-15, may result in “unused” insulin molecules.