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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2023 Aug 17;31(3):274–282. doi: 10.1080/09286586.2023.2248629

Table 5:

Correlations among four dry eye signs at baseline (n = 1022 eyes)

Dry Eye Signs
Conjunctival staining score
(lower is better)		 Corneal staining score
(lower is better)		 Schirmer test (mm)
(higher is better)
rho* (95% CI) p rho* (95% CI) p rho* (95%
CI)		 p
Conjunctival staining score (lower is better) 1.00
Corneal staining score (lower is better) 0.33
(0.26, 0.40)		 <0.001 1.00
Schirmer test (mm) (higher is better) −0.24
(−0.32, −0.16)		 <0.001 −0.33
(−0.40, −0.26)		 <0.001 1.00
Tear break-up time (seconds) (higher is better) −0.14
(−0.21, −0.06)		 <0.001 −0.28
(−0.35, −0.21)		 <0.001 0.19
(0.11, 0.26)		 <0.001
*

Partial Spearman correlation coefficients (rho) were calculated adjusting for treatment group.

95% confidence intervals (95% CI) and p-values were calculated using cluster bootstrap to account for multiple visits per patient and two eyes from the same patient.