Table 1.

Study Population Characteristics

	Sex-Combined			Men			Women
Variables	N	Mean (SD) or Frequency	Range Values	N	Mean (SD) or Frequency	Range Values	N	Mean (SD) or Frequency	Range Values
Age (years)	3 888	68.8 (15.1)	24–106	1 744	69.4 (14.8)	32–101	2 144	68.3 (15.4)*	24–106
Sex (% women)	3 888	2 138 (55.1%)
Smoking (%)	3 888	279 (7.2%)		1 740	125 (7.2%)		2 138	154 (7.2%)
Height (cm)	3 888	166.2 (10.4)	128.5–205.2	1 744	173.9 (7.8)	143.2–205.2	2 144	160.0 (7.7)†	128.5–187.1
FEV1 (mL)	3 888	2 460.0 (868.2)	305–5 253	1 744	2 906.8 (888.0)	543–5 253	2 144	2 096.6 (656.7)†	305–4 476
FVC (mL)	3 888	3 211.6 (1 054.9)	552–6 690	1 744	3 817.6 (1 025.3)	1 180–6 690	2 144	2 718.6 (788.4)†	552–6 007
IL-6 (pg/mL)	3 780	2.1 (6.1)	0.1–132	1 701	2.3 (6.7)	0.1–132	2 079	1.9 (5.6)§	0.1–116.4
hsCRP (mg/L)	3 634	3.2 (7.4)	0.1–202.8	1 628	3.2 (8.2)	0.1–202.8	2 006	3.3 (6.7)	0.1–147.8
BMI (kg/m2)	3 858	27.1 (4.8)	15.3–57.4	1 734	27.6 (4.0)	17.2–49.7	2 124	26.8 (5.3)‡	15.3–57.4
Grip (kg)	3 876	29.9 (12.2)	2–88	1 739	38.2 (11.8)	8–88	2 137	23.2 (7.4)†	2–70
Glucose (mg/dL)	3 210	91.4 (11.8)	34–183	1 408	93.7 (10.9)	44–142	1 802	90.1 (10.7)†	34–123
Hb1Ac (%)	3 782	5.6 (0.6)	4–11.1	1 699	5.7 (0.6)	4.1–11.1	2 083	5.6 (0.5)‡	4.0–9.7
T2D (%)	3 888	322 (8.3)		1 744	174 (10.0%)		2 144	148 (6.9%)‖

Notes: Total number of individuals, BMI = body mass index; FEV1 = forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC = forced vital capacity; Glucose = fasting plasma glucose; Grip = muscle (grip) strength; HbA1c = glycosylated hemoglobin; hsCRP = high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; IL-6 = interleukin-6; mean (SD) = mean levels (standard deviation); T2D = type 2 diabetes.

Significance levels for differences in proportions (chi-squared tests) or means (t test) between men and women: *p = .024. ^†p < 1 × 10⁻⁸. ^‡p < 3 × 10⁻⁷. ^§p ≤ .05. ‖p = .0005.