Table 2.

Modeling methods of the underlying processes of the pharyngeal pumping motions

Process	Modeling method	Description	Rerence work
Electrical signal	Cable equation	Spread of electrical signal over time and space	(19)
	Hodgkin–Huxley equations	Change of electrical signal over time due to ion channels activity	(20)
Calcium dynamics		Change of calcium ion concentration over time and space, due to ion channels activity, ion removal processes, and ion diffusion	(21)
Muscle dynamics	Nonisometric kinetic model for smooth muscles	Change of pharyngeal muscle’s length over time due to active and passive forces exerted by biomechanical elements	(22, 23)
Food transport along the pharynx	Low Reynolds number internal flow equations	Fluids flow	(6)