Table 2.
Nutrient intake according to asthma severity
| Mild (n = 58) | Moderate (n = 89) | Severe (n = 55) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Energy (kcal/d) | 1684.4 (736.7–4069.3) | 1501.5 (703.5–4543.7) | 1559.9 (736.6–3532.6) | 0.399 |
| Carbohydrate (g/d) | 205.8 (83.0–627.8) | 180.9 (65.4–844.7) | 195.6 (66.0–529.1) | 0.089 |
| Protein (g/d) | 56.6 (24.2–108.5) | 50.9 (15.2–124.4) | 47.5 (20.0–120.3) | 0.320 |
| Total fat (g/d) | 63.0 (13.7–134.4) | 60.7 (18.0–146.6) | 58.7 (23.8–153.1) | 0.959 |
| Saturated fat (g/d) | 20.3 (3.1–61.4) | 22.7 (5.7–53.8) | 22.6 (8.8–52.5) | 0.450 |
| Monounsaturated fatty acids (g/d) | 19.6 (3.7–46.9) | 20.0 (4.2–58.2) | 19.9 (4.6–43.9) | 0.859 |
| Polyunsaturated fatty acids (g/d) | 17.6 (2.1–49.2) | 14.6 (2.1–55.5) | 14.0 (2.7–49.2) | 0.473 |
| Cholesterol (mg/d) | 228.3 (14.8–634.7) | 184.3 (14.0–718.2) | 155.5 (10.7–972.0) | 0.230 |
| Fiber (g/d) | 18.0 (5.0–36.4)a | 14.0 (2.8–64.0)a | 16.4 (4.8–123.1) | 0.032* |
| Thiamine (mg/d) | 0.7 (0.3–1.5) | 0.6 (0.2–2.1) | 0.6 (0,3–2.2) | 0.056 |
| Riboflavin (mg/d) | 1.1 (0.3–4.3) | 1.1 (0.3–2.7) | 1.0 (0.5–3.2) | 0.630 |
| Niacin (mg/d) | 7.2 (2.2–40.4) | 6.2 (1.7–33.9) | 6.9 (1.8–32.5) | 0.159 |
| Pyridoxin (mg/d) | 1.1 (0.4–7.1) | 0.9 (0.2–9.0) | 0.9 (0.4–2.1) | 0.093 |
| Cobalamin (mg/d) | 2.2 (0.0–62,5) | 2.5 (0.0–9.0) | 2.4 (0.4–8.9) | 0.650 |
| Vitamin A (µg/d) | 555.3 (93.2–16883.9) | 572.2 (49.2–3408.8) | 511.9 (77.4–4116.5) | 0.679 |
| Vitamin C (mg/d) | 69.8 (1.1–337.0) | 72.7 (0.7–270.3) | 76.2 (0.7–341.5) | 0.971 |
| Vitamin E (mg/d) | 13.9 (2.2–38.2) | 13.3 (1.7–54.4) | 11.9 (2.9–46.6) | 0.097 |
| Iron (mg/d) | 8.2 (4.0–19.4)b | 7.3 (2.8–21.8)b | 7.4 (3.6–59.2) | 0.019* |
| Magnesium (mg/d) | 207.6 (80.8–461.3) | 180.9 (53.1–427.3) | 188.6 (83.2–1005.0) | 0.228 |
| Zinc (mg/d) | 7.3 (3.8–17.3) | 6.7 (2.6–16.7) | 6.7 (3.1–15.2) | 0.591 |
*Matching letters indicate significant difference between groups. Tukey HSD and Bonferroni-corrected Dunn tests were used for post-hoc analyses