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. 2024 Feb 17;31:22. doi: 10.1186/s12929-024-01011-y

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Approaches of biomarker development for immunotherapy in HCC. Summary of multi-omics profiling approaches of biomarker development. The biomarkers of DNA, RNA, and proteins are intergraded from different modalities. Each modality exhibits advantages and disadvantages for constructing the entire picture of tumors and microenvironments. WES, whole-exome sequencing, WGS, whole-genome sequencing