Table 2.
Elements classified as human carcinogens by the IARC.
| Elements | Group | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Aluminum product | 1 | 2012 |
| Pentavalent antimony | 3 | 2023 |
| Trivalent antimony | 2A | 2023 |
| Arsenic and inorganic arsenic compounds | 1 | 2012 |
| Beryllium and beryllium compounds | 1 | 2012 |
| Cadmium and cadmium compounds | 1 | 2012 |
| Chromium (VI) compounds | 1 | 2012 |
| Cobalt metal, soluble cobalt (II) | 2A | 2023 |
| Lead compounds, inorganic | 2A | 2006 |
| Lead | 2B | 1987 |
| Molybdenum trioxide | 2B | 2018 |
| Nickel compounds | 1 | 2012 |
| Titanium dioxide | 2B | 2010 |
| Vanadium pentoxide | 2B | 2006 |
Among the total of 32 elements, 13 were determined as human carcinogens by IARC. Group 1, carcinogenic to humans; Group 2A, probably carcinogenic to humans; Group 2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans; Group 3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans.