Table 1.
Patient and clinical characteristics
| Clinical characteristics | MRD status, n (%) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MRD negative | MRD positive | ||
| All | 169 (61.5) | 106 (38.5) | |
| Age (years) | 0.008 | ||
| ≤ 65 | 122 (67.0) | 60 (33.0) | |
| > 65 | 47 (50.5) | 46 (49.5) | |
| Gender | 0.911 | ||
| Male | 100 (61.1) | 62 (38.9) | |
| Female | 69 (61.7) | 44 (38.3) | |
| Type of M protein | 0.217 | ||
| IgG | 76 (59.8) | 51 (40.2) | |
| IgA | 38 (57.6) | 28 (42.4) | |
| Light chain | 43 (66.2) | 22 (33.8) | |
| IgD | 11 (84.6) | 2 (15.4) | |
| IgM | 1 (50.0) | 1 (50.0) | |
| IgE | 0 (0) | 1 (100.0) | |
| Non-secretory | 0 (0) | 1 (100.0) | |
| DS stage | 0.462 | ||
| I | 10 (71.4) | 4 (28.6) | |
| II | 29 (67.4) | 14 (32.6) | |
| III | 130 (59.6) | 88 (40.4) | |
| ISS stage | 0.124 | ||
| I | 39 (73.6) | 14 (26.4) | |
| II | 65 (59.6) | 44 (40.4) | |
| III | 65 (57.5) | 48 (42.5) | |
| RISS stage (n = 258) | (n = 156) | (n = 102) | 0.083 |
| I | 27 (77.1) | 8 (22.9) | |
| II | 105 (57.1) | 79 (42.9) | |
| III | 24 (61.5) | 15 (38.5) | |
| Plasma cell (%) | 0.443 | ||
| < 60 | 156 (62.2) | 95 (37.8) | |
| ≥ 60 | 13 (54.2) | 11 (45.8) | |
| Calcium (mmol/L) | 0.964 | ||
| ≤ 2.75 | 147 (61.3) | 92 (38.7) | |
| > 2.75 | 22 (62.0) | 14 (38.0) | |
| Lactic dehydrogenase (IU/L) | 0.626 | ||
| normal | 150 (62.0) | 92 (38.0) | |
| elevated | 19 (57.6) | 14 (42.4) | |
| Albumin (g/L) | 0.133 | ||
| < 35 | 88 (57.5) | 65 (42.5) | |
| ≥ 35 | 81 (66.4) | 41 (33.6) | |
| Creatinine (umol/L) | 0.262 | ||
| ≤ 177 | 140 (63.1) | 82 (36.9) | |
| > 177 | 29 (54.7) | 24 (45.3) | |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 0.266 | ||
| < 100 | 97 (58.8) | 68 (41.2) | |
| ≥ 100 | 72 (65.5) | 38 (34.5) | |
| Cytogenetics (n = 232) | (n = 141) | (n = 91) | 0.791 |
| Standard risk | 106 (61.3) | 67 (38.7) | |
| High risk | 35 (59.3) | 24 (40.7) | |
| 1q21 amplification/gain | 0.318 | ||
| Positive | 73 (64.0) | 41 (36.0) | |
| Negative | 68 (57.6) | 50 (42.4) | |
| p53 deletion | 0.796 | ||
| Positive | 14 (58.3) | 10 (41.7) | |
| Negative | 127 (61.1) | 81 (38.9) | |
| T (4;14) | 0.973 | ||
| Positive | 23 (60.5) | 15 (39.5) | |
| Negative | 118 (60.8) | 76 (39.2) | |
| T (14;16) | 1.000 | ||
| Positive | 1 (100.0) | 0 (0) | |
| Negative | 140 (60.6) | 91 (39.4) | |
| Extramedullary diseases | 0.680 | ||
| With | 37 (63.8) | 21 (36.2) | |
| Without | 132 (60.8) | 85 (39.2) | |
| CPC (%) (n = 271) | (n = 168) | (n = 103) | 0.209 |
| < 0.105 | 126 (64.3) | 70 (35.7) | |
| ≥ 0.105 | 42 (56.0) | 33 (44.0) | |
| ASCT | < 0.001 | ||
| Yes | 91 (87.5) | 13 (12.5) | |
| No | 78 (45.6) | 93 (54.4) | |
| Response | < 0.001 | ||
| VGPR | 31 (34.8) | 58 (65.2) | |
| CR/sCR | 138 (74.2) | 48 (25.8) | |