Table 1.
Characteristics of patient-family caregiver dyads.
| Variables | Patient n (%) |
Variables | Family caregiver n (%) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 142) | Intervention (n = 71) | Control (n = 71) | Total (n = 142) | Intervention (n = 71) | Control (n = 71) | ||
| Age(years) [Mean (SD)] | 70.48 (12.28) | 70.03 (14.26) | 70.93 (10.00) | Age(years) [Mean (SD)] | 57.51 (13.14) | 57.73 (13.53) | 57.28 (12.83) |
| Sex | Sex | ||||||
| Male | 86 (60.6%) | 45 (63.4%) | 41 (57.7%) | Male | 51 (35.9%) | 25 (35.2%) | 26 (36.6%) |
| Female | 56 (39.4%) | 26 (36.6%) | 30 (42.3%) | Female | 91 (64.1%) | 46 (64.8%) | 45 (63.4%) |
| Marital status | Marital status | ||||||
| Unmarried | 4 (2.8%) | 3 (4.2%) | 1 (1.4%) | Unmarried | 12 (8.5%) | 5 (7.1%) | 7 (9.9%) |
| Married | 111 (78.2%) | 55 (77.5%) | 56 (78.9%) | Married | 119 (83.8%) | 60 (84.5%) | 59 (83.1%) |
| Divorced | 6 (4.2%) | 2 (2.8%) | 4 (5.6%) | Divorced | 7 (4.9%) | 4 (5.6%) | 3 (4.2%) |
| Widowed | 21 (14.8%) | 11 (15.5%) | 10 (14.1%) | Widowed | 4 (2.8%) | 2 (2.8%) | 2 (2.8%) |
| Educational attainment | Educational attainment | ||||||
| Primary school | 23 (16.2%) | 10 (14.1%) | 13 (18.3%) | Primary school | 12 (8.5%) | 7 (9.8%) | 5 (7.0%) |
| Middle school | 60 (42.2%) | 31 (43.6%) | 29 (40.8%) | Middle school | 45 (31.7%) | 24 (33.8%) | 21 (29.6%) |
| High school | 40 (28.2%) | 22 (31.0%) | 18 (25.4%) | High school | 62 (43.6%) | 30 (42.3%) | 32 (45.1%) |
| University degree or above | 19 (13.4%) | 8 (11.3%) | 11 (15.5%) | University degree or above | 23 (16.2%) | 10 (14.1%) | 13 (18.3%) |
| Employment | Employment | ||||||
| Employed | 18 (12.7%) | 11 (15.5%) | 7 (9.9%) | Employed | 46 (32.4%) | 24 (33.8%) | 22 (31.0%) |
| Unemployed | 124 (87.3%) | 60 (84.5%) | 64 (90.1%) | Unemployed | 96 (67.6%) | 47 (66.2%) | 49 (69.0%) |
| Monthly income (RMB) | Monthly income (RMB) | ||||||
| <2000 | 7 (4.9%) | 4 (5.6%) | 3 (4.2%) | <2000 | 7 (4.9%) | 3 (4.2%) | 4 (5.6%) |
| 2000–5000 | 75 (52.8%) | 41 (57.7%) | 34 (47.9%) | 2000–5000 | 69 (48.6%) | 36 (50.7%) | 33 (46.5%) |
| 5000–10000 | 47 (33.1%) | 19 (26.8%) | 28 (39.4%) | 5000–10000 | 51 (35.9%) | 21 (29.6%) | 30 (42.3%) |
| ≥10,000 | 13 (9.2%) | 7 (9.9%) | 6 (8.5%) | ≥10,000 | 15 (10.6%) | 11 (15.5%) | 4 (5.6%) |
| Religon | Relationship to patients | ||||||
| City | 104 (73.2%) | 55 (77.5%) | 49 (69.0%) | Spouse | 72 (50.7%) | 39 (54.9%) | 33 (46.5%) |
| County/Rural | 38 (26.8%) | 16 (22.5%) | 22 (31.0%) | Son | 25 (17.6%) | 11 (15.5%) | 14 (19.7%) |
| Payment of medical expenses | Daughter | 35 (24.7%) | 18 (25.4%) | 17 (23.9%) | |||
| Medical insurance | 115 (80.9%) | 59 (83.0%) | 56 (78.9%) | Sibling | 4 (2.8%) | 1 (1.4%) | 3 (4.2%) |
| New rural cooperative medical care | 14 (9.9%) | 6 (8.5%) | 8 (11.3%) | Grandchild | 6 (4.2%) | 2 (2.8%) | 4 (5.6%) |
| Uninsured | 13 (9.2%) | 6 (8.5%) | 7 (9.9%) | Living with patients | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) [Mean (SD)] | 22.04 (2.77) | 21.92 (2.46) | 22.16 (3.06) | Yes | 99 (69.7%) | 51 (71.8%) | 48 (67.6%) |
| age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index (aCCI) | 5.26 (1.79) | 5.14 (1.83) | 5.38 (1.74) | No | 43 (30.3%) | 20 (28.2%) | 23 (32.4%) |
| NYAH classification | Self-reported health | ||||||
| Class Ⅰ or Ⅱ | 73 (51.41%) | 34 (47.9%) | 39 (54.9%) | Good | 41 (28.9%) | 17 (23.9%) | 24 (33.8%) |
| Class Ⅲ | 69 (48.59%) | 37 (52.1%) | 32 (22.5%) | Fair | 81 (57.0%) | 43 (60.6%) | 38 (53.5%) |
| Poor | 20 (14.1%) | 11 (15.5%) | 9 (12.7%) | ||||
| Left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF%) (IQR) | 40.00 (34.00–48.00) | 39.00 (32.00–48.00) | 42.00 (35.00–47.50) | Co-caregiver | |||
| Number of hospitalizations in the past year (IQR) | 2.00 (1.00–2.00) | 2.00 (1.00–2.00) | 2.00 (1.00–2.00) | Yes | 40 (28.2%) | 18 (25.4%) | 22 (31.0%) |
| Duration of illness (years) (IQR) | 2.00 (0.75–5.00) | 2.00 (0.50–4.00) | 2.00 (1.00–5.00) | No | 102 (71.8%) | 53 (74.6%) | 49 (69.0%) |
| HFSPS score differencea | 13.37 (11.09) | 13.65 (10.06) | 13.08 (12.10) | Hours of caregiving per day, median (IQR) | 24.00 (6.00–24.00) | 24.00 (6.00–24.00) | 24.00 (6.00–24.00) |
| SCHFI V.7.2 | CC-SCHFI V.2 | ||||||
| Self-care maintenance | 52.91 (17.51) | 53.50 (16.56) | 51.80 (17.06) | CC to self-care maintenance | 55.39 (18.64) | 53.36 (18.09) | 57.42 (19.08) |
| Symptom perception | 52.90 (20.21) | 50.02 (19.18) | 55.70 (20.75) | CC to symptom perception | 47.59 (17.85) | 47.50 (16.36) | 47.68 (19.34) |
| Self-care management | 50.99 (15.57) | 52.83 (17.02) | 49.16 (13.86) | CC to self-care management | 57.93 (17.29) | 56.38 (16.99) | 59.49 (17.56) |
| Dyadic coping inventory (DCI) | 110.13 (15.71) | 109.34 (17.03) | 110.93 (14.35) | Dyadic coping inventory (DCI) | 112.26 (15.31) | 111.96 (15.99) | 112.56 (14.71) |
| Dyadic relationship (MS) | 36.88 (5.56) | 37.04 (6.08) | 36.72 (5.02) | Dyadic relationship (MS) | 38.59 (6.72) | 39.63 (7.02) | 37.55 (6.29) |
| Anxiety (SAS) | 37.58 (8.81) | 38.01 (8.73) | 37.14 (8.93) | Anxiety (SAS) | 31.73 (8.59) | 32.49 (9.59) | 30.96 (7.43) |
| Depression (SDS) | 43.89 (11.07) | 43.79 (10.72) | 43.99 (11.49) | Depression (SDS) | 32.80 (6.27) | 33.21 (5.91) | 32.38 (6.63) |
BMI: Body mass index; HFSPS: Heart Failure Somatic Perception Scale; SCHFI V.7.2: Self-Care of Heart Failure Index Version 7.2; CC-SCHFI V.2: Caregiver Contribution to Self-Care of Heart Failure Index Version 2; SAS: DCI: Dyadic coping inventory; MS: the mutuality scale; Self-Rating Anxiety Scale; SDS: Self-Rating Depression Scale.
a
HFSPS score difference: Patient's HFSPS score–Caregiver's HFSPS score.