. 2024 Feb 12;69:102481. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102481

Table 2.

Generalized estimating equation models of the comparison of patients’ outcome between the intervention and control groups.

Outcomes	Time	Intervention Mean (SD)	Control Mean (SD)	Group effect at T0		Time effect in control arm		Group∗Time effect		Between groups		Cohen's d
Outcomes	Time	Intervention Mean (SD)	Control Mean (SD)	β (95% CI)	p	β (95% CI)	p	Wald χ2	p	β (95% CI)	p	Cohen's d
Primary outcomes
Self-care maintenance				1.703 (−3.789, 7.194)	0.543			4.599	0.204
	T1	60.18 (18.14)	49.93 (16.53)			−1.868 (−7.693, 3.957)	0.530			8.544 (0.719, 16.370)	0.032	0.59
	T2	58.51 (16.68)	52.00 (18.02)			0.246 (−5.732, 6.224)	0.936			4.760 (−3.641, 13.161)	0.267	0.37
	T3	56.46 (17.51)	50.63 (17.12)			−0.998 (−7.723, 5.726)	0.771			4.175 (−5.058, 13.408)	0.375	0.33
Symptom perception				−5.677 (−12.204, 0.849)	0.088			6.928	0.074
	T1	59.23 (20.45)	55.18 (19.58)			−0.476 (−7.103, 6.152)	0.888			9.712 (1.476, 17.947)	0.021	0.20
	T2	57.64 (19.61)	54.70 (20.17)			−0.724 (−7.942, 6.493)	0.844			9.626 (0.606, 18.647)	0.036	0.15
	T3	54.89 (18.80)	54.15 (21.30)			−0.281 (−7.310, 6.748)	0.937			6.253 (−3.126, 15.632)	0.191	0.88
Self-care management				3.670 (−1.398, 8.739)	0.156			3.98	0.264
	T1	59.61 (18.79)	48.72 (14.46)			−0.446 (−4.824, 3.932)	0.842			7.218 (0.118, 14.318)	0.046	0.65
	T2	57.01 (19.10)	50.04 (14.97)			0.881 (−4.141, 5.902)	0.731			3.297 (−4.174, 10.767)	0.387	0.41
	T3	56.37 (18.09)	49.73 (15.77)			0.575 (−4.929, 6.078)	0.838			2.960 (−5.319, 11.239)	0.483	0.39
Secondary outcomes
HFSPS score difference^a				0.563 (−3.070, 4.197)	0.761			36.337	<0.001
	T1	6.96 (6.92)	13.69 (12.80)			0.603 (−0.257, 1.463)	0.170			−7.296 (−9.876, −4.716)	<0.001	−0.65
	T2	8.38 (7.92)	13.05 (11.76)			−0.036 (−1.408, 1.336)	0.959			−5.227 (−8.673, −1.781)	0.003	−0.47
	T3	9.03 (8.25)	14.36 (13.11)			1.274 (−0.259, 2.807)	0.103			−5.887 (−9.438, −2.337)	0.001	−0.49
Dyadic coping inventory (DCI)				−1.592 (−6.735, 3.552)	0.544			29.779	<0.001
	T1	113.79 (15.53)	110.06 (15.17)			−0.461 (−1.908, 0.986)	0.533			5.396 (3.312, 7.480)	<0.001	0.31
	T2	112.18 (17.10)	108.63 (14.22)			−1.049 (−2.732, 0.635)	0.222			4.643 (2.258, 7.027)	<0.001	0.23
	T3	109.78 (16.15)	108.64 (17.19)			−1.916 (−0.163, 4.590)	0.032			3.543 (1.128, 5.957)	0.004	0.07
Dyadic relationship (MS)				0.324 (−1.497, 2.144)	0.727			10.795	0.013
	T1	39.64 (7.86)	36.95 (6.11)			0.235 (−1.650, 2.119)	0.807			2.365 (−0.484, 5.214)	0.104	0.38
	T2	40.42 (5.91)	35.98 (4.98)			−0.734 (−2.253, 0.784)	0.343			4.108 (1.646, 6.569)	0.001	0.81
	T3	39.33 (4.97)	36.53 (5.69)			−0.190 (−2.158, 1.778)	0.850			2.475 (−0.293, 5.244)	0.080	0.52
Anxiety (SAS)				0.873 (−2.011, 3.757)	0.553			38.528	<0.001
	T1	36.24 (9.07)	37.22 (8.99)			−0.203 (−0.507.0.101)	0.190			−1.886 (−2.504, −1.269)	<0.001	−0.11
	T2	37.54 (8.83)	37.32 (9.40)			0.042 (−0.279, 0.363)	0.797			−0.609 (−1.040, −0.178)	0.006	0.02
	T3	38.40 (9.02)	38.09 (9.87)			0.271 (−0.045, 0.587)	0.093			−0.524 (−1.002, −0.046)	0.032	0.03
Depression (SDS)				−0.197 (−3.826, 3.432)	0.915			10.704	0.013
	T1	42.58 (10.58)	44.27 (11.44)			0.296 (−0.036, 0.628)	0.142			−1.279 (−1.816, −0.742)	<0.001	−0.15
	T2	43.06 (11.12)	44.50 (11.15)			0.097 (−0.266, 0.460)	0.601			0.628 (−1.184, −0.072)	0.027	−0.14
	T3	42.40 (11.07)	43.70 (10.48)			−0.206 (−0.595, 0.182)	0.298			−0.408 (−0.830, 0.013)	0.054	−0.12

MS: the mutuality scale; SAS: Self-Rating Anxiety Scale; SDS: Self-Rating Depression Scale.

HFSPS score difference: Patient's HFSPS score–Caregiver's HFSPS score; T0: Baseline, T1: 4 weeks, T2: 12 weeks, T3: 24 weeks; β: regression coefficient; HFSPS: Heart Failure Somatic Perception Scale; DCI: Dyadic coping inventory.