Table 7.

Results of the Granger causality test.

Variables	null hypothesis	Chi-square	Conclusion
DIG	AI is not the Granger reason for DIG	3.986	Accepted
	TYC is not the Granger reason for DIG	0.628	Accepted
	Neither is the Granger cause for DIG	4.630	Accepted
AI	DIG is not the Granger reason for AI	7.699*	Rejected
	TYC is not the Granger reason for AI	4.832	Accepted
	Neither is the Granger cause of AI	13.635**	Rejected
TYC	DIG is not the Granger reason for TYC	15.428***	Rejected
	AI is not the Granger reason for TYC	2.278	Accepted
	Neither is the Granger cause of TYC	34.570***	Rejected

Note: DIG means Digitization, AI means Artificial Intelligence, and TYC means Sports Industry; *, * *, * * indicate significance at the confidence level of 10%, 5%, and 1%, respectively.