Table 1.

Selected Scales for Structured Assessment of Cannabis Use, Cannabis Use Disorder, Cannabis Withdrawal, and Other Harms

Measure	Aim	Items	Example questions	Validation/psychometric assessment in a psychosis population
Timeline Followback Method (TLFB)23	Quantify recent exposure	From 7 days to 3 months	Can you remember what you did last Saturday? How many joints did you smoke that day?	Hjorthøj et al.24
Daily Sessions, Frequency, Age of Onset, and Quantity of Cannabis Use Inventory (DFAQ-CU)25	Quantify recent exposure and age of onset	41	On a typical day you use marijuana, how many sessions do you have? How many times a day, on a typical weekend, do you use cannabis?	No
Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS)26	Assess severity of dependence	5	Did you think your use of cannabis was out of control? How difficult did you find it to stop, or go without cannabis?	Hides et al.27
Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST)28	Screen for cannabis use disorders	6	Have you smoked cannabis before midday? Have friends or members of your family told you that you ought to reduce your cannabis use?	No
Cannabis Use Disorders Identification Test–Revised (CUDIT-R)29	Screen for cannabis use disorders	8	How often do you use cannabis? How often during the past 6 months did you fail to do what was normally expected from you because of cannabis?	No
The Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST)30	Screen for substance use disorders	7	In the past three months, how often have you… … used cannabis? … had a strong desire or urge to use cannabis? … failed to do what was normally expected of you because of your use of cannabis?	Hides et al.31
Marijuana Withdrawal Checklist (MWC)32	Assess withdrawal symptoms	22	Indicate how much you are feeling each symptom right now: “Irritability,” “Craving,” “Headaches,” “Sleep problems”	No
Cannabis Withdrawal Scale (CWS)33	Assess withdrawal symptoms	19	I had some angry outbursts Nightmares or strange dreams Trouble getting to sleep	No
Cannabis Experiences Questionnaire (CEQ)34	Assess symptoms of intoxication	42	How often do you have these experiences when smoking cannabis? “Enhanced perceptual awareness,” “Ecstatic,” “Paranoid,” “Depressed”	Birnbaum et al.35
		13 (Short version)
Marijuana Craving Questionnaire (MCQ)36	Assess craving	47	I would do almost anything for a joint Smoking marijuana would help me sleep at night	No
		12 (Short version)
Obsessive Compulsive Drug Use Scale for Cannabis (OCDUS-CAN)37	Assess craving	12	If you don't use, how often do you feel the urge or drive to use cannabis? How much control do you have over your cannabis use?	Dekker et al.38