Table 3.
Cannabis Exposure-Related Outcome Measures Reported in Major Clinical Trials and Epidemiological Studies in Psychosis Populations
| Study | Design | Population | Self-report measures of cannabis exposure | Other Assessments | Biochemical measures |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CATIE53 | Clinical trial of antipsychotic medications | Schizophrenia (n=1493) | Current use (Y/N) | None | Qualitative urinalysis Hair radioimmunoassay |
| EUFEST54 | Clinical trial of antipsychotic medications | First-episode schizophrenia (n=323) | Frequency of use (days/month) | DSM-IV criteria | None |
| OPTIMISE55 | Clinical trial of antipsychotic medications | Schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder (n=446) | Frequency of use, amount used, and route of administration | DSM-IV criteria | None |
| PAFIP56 | Clinical trial of antipsychotic medications | First-episode psychosis (n=376) | Baseline: current vs. non-users Follow-up: persistent users, ex-users, and never-users |
Excluded if met DSM-IV criteria for drug dependence | None |
| AESOP57 | Case–control study | First-episode psychosis (n=511) and controls (n=412) | Ever use (verified using case-notes review and collateral history) | None | None |
| EUGEI58,59 | Case–control study | First-episode psychosis (n=901), clinical high risk (n=316), and controls (n=1237) | Cannabis Experiences Questionnaire (includes questions on frequency of use, cannabis potency, and amount per use) | None | Quantitative analysis of plasma |
| NAPLS-260 | Case–control study | Clinical high risk (n=764) and controls (n=280) | Current use (Y/N) Lifetime use (Y/N) Frequency of use |
DSM-IV criteria | None |
DSM-IV, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition.