Table 4.
Human Zoonotic Disease Prevalence Studies Conducted in Alaska, 1967–2008
| Description of study | Refs. | Feltz et al. (1972) | Zarnke et al. (1983) | Stansfield et al. (1988) | Walters et al. (1999) | Murphy (1981) | State of Alaska Section of Epidemiology (1986) | State of Alaska Section of Epidemiology (2014) | Peterson et al. (1974) | Miller (1974) | Current study |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | 1968–1969 | 1979 | 1981 | 1983–1986 | 1969–1979 | 1986 | 1980–2000 | 1970–1971 | 1968–1969 | 2007–2008 | |
| Location | East central | Western | Statewide | Statewide | Statewide | Southcentral | Southwest | Northwest, Southeast, Westcentral | Southwest, East central | Western, Southcentral, Interior, Southeast | |
| Population sampled | 325 Alaska Native people | 121 Alaska Native people | 435 USFS and USGS employees | 1635 Alaska Native people | 10,816 Alaskans | 59 Child care attendees £5 years old | 621 Alaska Native people | 1056 Alaska Native people | 1212 Alaska Native people | 887 Alaskan bird hunters and families, avian wildlife biologists, persons with no wild bird exposure | |
| Test method | Plaque reduction neutralizationa | Plaque reduction neutralizationa | Plaque reduction neutralizationa | Antibody capture ELISA | Fecal ether formalin | Fecal immunofluorescent assay | Immunofluorescent assaya | Indirect fluorescent antibody | Tube agglutination testa | Various | |
| Pathogenb | Prevalence | ||||||||||
| California serogroup bunyavirusesc | 72% | 54% (JC); 42% (SSH) | 22% | 17.6% (JC); 6.8% (SSH) | 27% | ||||||
| Giardia intestinalis | 3% | 14% | 19% | ||||||||
| Coxiella burnetii | 12% | 8% | |||||||||
| Toxoplasma gondii | 31% | 3% | |||||||||
| Francisella tularensis | 5%d | 0% |
a
Similar method as the one used in this study.
b
We know of no previous population-based prevalence studies from Alaska for Cryptosporidium spp., Trichinella spp., HEV, Echinococcus granulosus, Brucella spp., and Echinococcus multilocularis.
c
JC and SSH seropositivity data given, when available.
d
A cutoff of ≥ 1:20 was used in this study.
HEV, hepatitis E virus; USFS, United States Forest Service; USGS, United States Geological Survey; JC, Jamestown Canyon; SSH, snowshoe hare.