Table 3.
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis Comparing Influencing Factors of Postpartum Hemorrhage between Nulliparous and Multiparous Women in Hunan, China (2017–2018).
| Variables |
Nulliparous (n = 60,686) |
Multiparous (n = 84,159) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| aOR | 95 % CI | aOR | 95 % CI | |
| Number of ANC visits | ||||
| 0–3 ANC visits | 2.90 | (1.65–5.08)*** | 1.85 | (1.35–2.53)*** |
| 4–9 ANC visits | 0.86 | (0.76–0.99) | 0.84 | (0.74–0.96) |
| ≥10 ANC visits (Ref.) | 1(ref.) | 1(ref.) | 1(ref.) | 1(ref.) |
| Mode of Childbirth | ||||
| Normal vaginal birth/SVD(Ref.) | 1(ref) | 1(ref.) | 1(ref.) | 1(ref.) |
| Cesarean section birth | 5.02 | (4.03–6.26)*** | 5.81 | (4.63–7.27)*** |
| Instrument-assisted birth | 1.49 | (0.82–2.73) | 1.95 | (1.16–3.28)* |
| Gestational age (weeks) | ||||
| Term (37–41 weeks) (Ref.) | 1(ref.) | 1(ref.) | – | – |
| Preterm (<37 weeks) | 1.42 | (0.99–2.02) | – | – |
| Post-term (≥42 weeks) | 0.28 | (0.08–0 0.95)* | – | – |
| Birth weight | ||||
| Normal birth weight (2500-3999 g) (Ref.) | 1(ref.) | 1(ref.) | 1(ref.) | 1(ref.) |
| Low birth weight (<2500 g) | 2.08 | (1.39–3.11)*** | 2.09 | (1.6–2.72)*** |
| Large birth weight (≥4000 g) | 0.34 | (0.28–0.43)*** | 0.44 | (0.367––0.52)*** |
| Anemia | ||||
| Yes | 8.41 | (7.34–9.64)*** | 6.78 | (5.98–7.69)*** |
| No (Ref.) | 1(ref.) | 1(ref.) | 1(ref.) | 1(ref.) |
| Gestational hypertension | ||||
| Yes | – | – | 1.57 | (1.13–––2.19)** |
| No (Ref.) | – | – | 1(ref.) | 1(ref.) |
| Placenta abruption | ||||
| Yes | 2.93 | (1.46–––5.84)** | 3.62 | (2.31–––5.66)*** |
| No (Ref.) | 1(ref.) | 1(ref.) | 1(ref.) | 1(ref.) |
| Soft birth canal avulsion | ||||
| Yes | 4.01 | (3.11–––5.16)*** | 3.66 | (2.77–––4.82)*** |
| No (Ref.) | 1(ref.) | 1(ref.) | 1(ref.) | 1(ref.) |
| Thrombophlebitis | ||||
| Yes | 18.46 | (1.67–––20.31)* | – | – |
| No (Ref.) | 1(ref.) | 1(ref.) | – | – |
| Hysterectomy | ||||
| Yes | 2.50 | (1.67–––3.75)*** | 2.59 | (1.73–––3.89)*** |
| No (ref.) | 1(ref.) | 1(ref.) | 1(ref.) | 1(ref.) |
| General anesthesia used before birth | ||||
| Yes | 1.42 | (1.19–––1.69)*** | 1.63 | (1.33–––2.01)*** |
| No (Ref.) | 1(ref.) | 1(ref.) | 1(ref.) | 1(ref.) |
| Erythrocyte suspension transfusion before birth | ||||
| Yes | 48.67 | (36.43–––65.04)*** | 46.58 | (37.72–––57.54)*** |
| No (Ref.) | 1(ref.) | 1(ref.) | 1(ref.) | 1(ref.) |
ANC: Antenatal Care, SVD: Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery, Ref: Reference category. From Anemia to erythrocyte suspension transfusion before birth, each variable is categorized as “Yes and No,” and “No” is the reference. Adjusted for maternal sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics (maternal age, marital status, educational status, and gravidity). *** =P ≤ 0.001, **=P ≤ 0.005, *=P < 0.05.