Table 2.
Preoperative risk factors per diagnosis.
| Characteristic | Multiple rib fractures (n = 58) | Pelvic ring/acetabular fracture (n = 116) | Femoral fracture (n = 261) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline characteristics | |||
| Age (years) | 60 (50–69) | 43 (30–57) | 64 (43–76) |
| Age | |||
| <65 years | 39 (67.2%) | 99 (85.3%) | 132 (50.6%) |
| 65–74 years | 10 (17.2%) | 14 12.1%) | 52 (19.9%) |
| 67–84 years | 9 (15.5%) | 3 (2.6%) | 51 (19.5%) |
| ≥ 85 years | 0 (%) | 0 (0.0%) | 26 (10.0%) |
| Female sex | 14 (24.1%) | 27 (23.3%) | 104 (39.8%) |
| Functional status | |||
| Independent | 58 (100.0%) | 115 (99.1%) | 220 (84.3%) |
| Partially dependent | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.9%) | 35 (13.4%) |
| Totally dependent | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (2.3%) |
| ASA class | |||
| ASA 1 | 6 (10.3%) | 44 (37.9%) | 48 (18.4%) |
| ASA 2 | 22 (37.9%) | 48 (41.4%) | 101 (38.7%) |
| ASA 3 | 16 (27.6%) | 18 (15.5%) | 97 (37.2%) |
| ASA 4 | 14 (24.1%) | 6 (5.2%) | 14 (5.4%) |
| ASA 5 | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.4%) |
| BMI (kg/m2)a | 25.7 (23.1–29.2) | 24.7 (22.7–27.6) | 23.9 (21.5–26.8) |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Steroid use for chronic condition | 4 (6.9%) | 3 (2.6%) | 26 (10.0%) |
| Ascites <30 days preoperatively | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.4%) |
| Systemic sepsis <48 h preoperatively | |||
| SIRS | 1 (1.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Sepsis | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.9%) | 1 (0.4%) |
| Septic shock | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Ventilator dependent | 20 (34.5%) | 19 (16.4%) | 13 (5.0%) |
| Disseminated cancer | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 29 (11.1%) |
| Diabetes requiring medication | |||
| Oral | 3 (5.2%) | 6 (5.2%) | 29 (11.1%) |
| Insulin | 4 (6.9%) | 1 (0.9%) | 17 (6.5%) |
| Hypertension requiring medication | 16 (27.6%) | 15 (12.9%) | 66 (25.3%) |
| Congestive heart failure <30 days preoperatively | 2 (3.4%) | 1 (0.9%) | 7 (2.7%) |
| Dyspnea | |||
| With moderate exertion | 1 (1.7%) | 1 (0.9%) | 15 (5.7%) |
| At rest | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (1.9%) |
| Current smoker <1 year | 12 (20.7%) | 32 (27.6%) | 66 (25.3%) |
| History of severe COPD | 2 (3.4%) | 1 (0.9%) | 17 (6.5%) |
| Dialysis | 1 (1.7%) | 1 (0.9%) | 3 (1.1%) |
| Acute renal failure | 2 (3.4%) | 3 (2.6%) | 4 (1.5%) |
| Miscellaneous | |||
| Time from diagnosis to surgery (h) | 44.3 (22.4–64.6) | 73.7 (45.2–124.1) | 14.1 (5.9–19.8) |
| Duration of surgery (min) | 116 (96–167) | 210 (169–307) | 129 (101–188) |
| ICU admissionb | 34 (58.6%) | 25 (21.6%) | 42 (16.1%) |
| ICU LOS (days) | 9 (3–18) | 5 (2–18) | (2–5) |
| HLOS (days) | 18 (10–32) | 13 (10–22) | 8 (5–13) |
Data are shown as median (P25–P75) or as n (%).
ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HLOS, hospital length of stay; ICU, intensive care unit; LOS, length of stay; SIRS, systemic inflammatory response syndrome.
a
Data are missing for 11 patients with a femoral fracture.
b
Data are shown for patients admitted to the ICU.