Table 2.
HLR an HRT applied in vermifiltration and their impact on removal performance.
| Wastewater | HLR (m3/m2/day) | HRT (Hours) | Removal performance (%) |
References | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COD | BOD | TSS | TDS | TN | TP | NO3- | ||||
| University campus | 1 | 4–6 | 92 | 98 | 90 | −50 | [22] | |||
| Cattle feedlot parc wastewater | 0.5 | 61.4–69.1 | – | – | – | 34.4–38.8 | 48.0–54.0 | – | [57] | |
| Clinical Laboratory | 1 | 7–8 | 78–85 | – | – | – | – | – | – | [26] |
| Urban (Sewage and rainwater) | 0.89 | 6 | 87.6 | 91.3 | 98.4 | – | – | – | – | [59] |
| Synthetic Dairy wastewater | 0.6 | 10 | 83.2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | [68] |
| Side-stream of dairy wastewater | 0.48 | 4 | 45 ± 4.1 | 68 ± 10 | 77 ± 8.4 | 48 ± 6 | 74 ±9.5 |
[13] | ||
| Textile dye effluent | 8 | 85–89 | 76–80 | 73–77 | 71–76 | – | – | – | [60] | |
| Hospital wastewater | 1 | – | 75 | 93 | 89 | – | – | – | – | [55] |
| University campus wastewater | 2.5 | – | – | 88 | 78 | 75 | – | – | – | [69] |
| Municipal wastewater | 2 | – | 83.5 ± 2.1 | 81.3 ± 2.9 | 93.7 ± 2.6 | 32.4 ± 10.6 | – | 38.6 ± 3,6 | 55.6 ±11.6 |
[38] |
| Synthetic wastewater | 1 | 7.8 | 74 | 92 | – | – | – | – | – | [32] |
| Synthetic domestic wastewater | 0.2 | – | 76.6 ± 5.18 | – | – | 63.8 ± 2.75 | 81.0 ±2.25 |
– | [37] | |
| Domestic wastewater | 4.2 | – | 67.6 | 78 | – | 89 | – | – | – | [43] |
| Synthetic Dairy Wastewater | 0.6 | – | 80.7 | 88.4 | – | – | 61.7 | 77.8 | – | [63] |
| Domestic greywater | 0.16 | 83 | 97.6 | 99.4 | 31.3 | 62.2 | [23] | |||