Table 7.

Vermifiltrations’ sustainability features.

DIMENSIONS	FEATURES	REFERENCES
ENVIRONMENTAL	No consumption of any fossil fuel during all the stage of the vermifiltration process.	[112]
	Protection the air quality, especially while treating the domestic sewage.	[39]
	Nutrient recovery - organic fertilizer.	[54]
	Reusability of treated effluent.	[16,18,107]
	Preservation of aquatic ecosystem.	[6]
	No chemical toxicity on the soil-based organisms.	[115]
	Air pollution - can potentially cut down the risk of GHG emissions and thereby minimizing the GWP to a great extent.	[112,113]
	No odor emission.	[41]
	No sludge production.	[41,42]
ECONOMICAL	Does not necessitate the installation of the heavy-duty instruments, cost-effective alternative.	[113]
	No requirements of external aerators-energy efficiency.	[18]
	Efficient removal of pollutants, including organics, nutrients, and pathogens from various types of water.	[32,69].
	Value-added by-products linked to circular bio-economy.	[1]
SOCIAL	Public Health – drastic reduction of outbreak of the water-borne diseases, human toxicity risk reduction.	[6,33]
	Public involvement and community. Development - growth of local socio-economy.	[119]
	Cultural acceptance – no odor, no pungent small, no sludge, clear effluent.	[18,41]