Table 4.
Univariate and multivariate analysis of the relationship between sociodemographic status, daily habits, exposure to smoking, e-cigarette knowledge and attitude and e-cigarette smoking
| Variables | E-cigarette smoker | P value | Multivariate analysis | ||
| Yes | No | aOR (95% CI) | aP value | ||
| Age (mean±SD) | 20±1.48 | 19.9±1.42 | 0.210 | -- | -- |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 174 (29.1%) | 424 (70.9%) | 0.001 | 2.1 (1.4 to 3.0) | <0.001 |
| Female* | 178 (15.0%) | 1008 (85.0%) | 1 | ||
| Faculty | |||||
| Colleges of medical science | 76 (15.8%) | 406 (84.2%) | 0.97 (0.69 to 1.4) | 0.884 | |
| Non-medical scientific colleges | 82 (18.7%) | 356 (81.3%) | 0.008 | 1.3 (0.90 to 1.8) | 0.178 |
| Humanities faculties* | 192 (22.7%) | 654 (77.3%) | 1 | ||
| Residency | |||||
| Urban | 205 (24.1%) | 645 (75.9%) | 0.001 | 1.4 (1.1 to 1.9) | 0.102 |
| Rural* | 147 (15.7%) | 787 (84.3%) | 1 | ||
| Cigarette smoker | |||||
| Yes | 94 (32.8%) | 193 (67.2%) | <0.001 | 1.4 (0.96 to 2.1) | 0.077 |
| No* | 258 (17.2%) | 1239 (82.8%) | 1 | ||
| Waterpipe smoker | |||||
| Yes | 159 (44.3%) | 200 (55.7%) | <0.001 | 4.5 (3.2 to 6.3) | <0.001 |
| No* | 193 (13.6%) | 1213 (86.4%) | 1 | ||
| Physically active | |||||
| Yes* | 167 (16.4%) | 486 (83.6%) | 0.001 | 1 | |
| No | 185 (25.6%) | 946 (74.4%) | 1.4 (1.10 to 1.9) | 0.025 | |
| Adhered to a healthy diet | |||||
| Yes | 99 (20.2%) | 391 (79.8%) | 0.760 | -- | -- |
| No | 253 (19.6%) | 1041 (80.4%) | |||
| Coffee drinking | |||||
| No* | 52 (16.0%) | 272 (84.0%) | 1 | ||
| 1–6 cups a week | 108 (21.9%) | 385 (78.1%) | 0.001 | 1.1 (0.82 to 1.6) | 0.469 |
| One cup or more a day | 192 (19.9%) | 775 (80.1%) | 1.6 (1.1 to 2.3) | 0.028 | |
| Daily time spent with friends | |||||
| Less than 2 hours* | 39 (10.2%) | 344 (89.8%) | 1 | ||
| 2–5 hours | 144 (19.1%) | 609 (80.9%) | 0.001 | 1.5 (1.1 to 2.0) | 0.016 |
| More than 5 hours | 169 (26.1%) | 479 (73.9%) | 2.4 (1.5 to 3.7) | <0.001 | |
| Number of smokers where you live | |||||
| Zero* | 53 (12.0%) | 388 (88.0%) | <0.001 | 1 | |
| 1–5 | 253 (21.0%) | 952 79.0%) | 1.4 (0.86 to 2.5) | 0.159 | |
| More than 6 | 45 (35.4%) | 82 (64.4%) | 2.1 (1.2 to 4.0) | 0.021 | |
| Father is a smoker | |||||
| Yes | 215 (22.2%) | 754 (77.8%) | 0.006 | 1.1 (0.83 to 1.5) | 0.786 |
| No* | 135 (17.0%) | 1415 (80.2%) | 1 | ||
| Mother is a smoker | |||||
| Yes | 87 (33.7%) | 171 (66.3%) | <0.001 | 1.5 (1.1 to 2.2) | 0.038 |
| No* | 265 (17.4%) | 1259 (82.6%) | 1 | ||
| A close friend is a cigarette smoker | |||||
| Yes | 223 (29.8%) | 525 (70.2%) | 0.001 | 1.5 (1.1 to 2.1) | 0.036 |
| No* | 129 (12.6%) | 892 (87.4%) | 1 | ||
| A close friend is an e-cigarette smoker | |||||
| Yes | 179 (39.4%) | 275 (60.6%) | 0.001 | 3.3 (2.4 to 4.5) | <0.001 |
| No* | 173 (13.2%) | 1142 (86.8%) | 1 | ||
| Level of knowledge | |||||
| Low | 242 (22.4%) | 840 (77.6%) | 0.001 | 1.1 (0.84 to 1.49) | 0.439 |
| High* | 110 (15.7%) | 592 (84.3%) | 1 | ||
| Attitude | |||||
| Negative | 289 (27.2%) | 774 (72.8%) | 0.001 | 2.6 (1.9 to 3.6) | <0.001 |
| Positive* | 63 (8.7%) | 658 (91.3%) | 1 | ||
*Reference group.
aOR, adjusted OR; aP value, adjusted p value; E-cigarettes, electronic cigarettes.