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| Parameter | Unit | Method/standard |
|---|---|---|
| Physical appearance | — | Color/observation |
| Density | kg m−3 | ASTM D4062 |
| Water content | ppm | Karl Fischer titration |
| Free fatty acids (FFA) | % | Calculated from acid value – ASTM D664 |
| pH | — | pH meter (Metrohm) |
| Ash content | % | ISO 2098-1972 |
| Glycerol content | % | Gas chromatography |
