Table 4.

The comparisons of improvement after training between IK and IT group

	Isokinetic (IK) (n = 14)	Isotonic (IT) (n = 15)	Mean Difference (95% CI)	p value
Peak torque (Nm), Knee
Extension at 60 deg./sec	9.77 ± 9.34	14.76 ± 11.29	−4.99 (− 12.92, 2.94)	0.285
Flexion at 60 deg./sec	7.06 ± 11.11	15.77 ± 12.37	− 8.70 (− 17.68, 0.28)	0.158
Extension at 120 deg./sec	4.91 ± 5.79	10.15 ± 9.39	− 5.24 (− 11.24, 0.76)	0.109
Flexion at 120 deg./sec	4.51 ± 5.32	10.09 ± 8.77	−5.58 (− 11.15, 0.00)	0.120
TUG test (sec.)	−3.22 ± 3.57	−0.93 ± 2.25	−2.29 (− 4.55, − 0.03)	0.102
SF-36 total score	13.51 ± 14.17	13.10 ± 16.10	0.40 (− 11.18, 11.99)	0.847
Physical domain	13.43 ± 17.82	11.46 ± 15.17	1.97 (− 10.61, 14.55)	0.554
Physical functioning	12.86 ± 31.61	20.67 ± 18.41	− 7.81 (− 27.35, 11.73)	0.689
Physical role	21.43 ± 30.79	13.33 ± 36.43	8.10 (− 17.7, 33.89)	0.506
Bodily pain	11.71 ± 18.63	19.50 ± 19.16	− 7.79 (− 22.20, 6.63)	0.366
General health	7.71 ± 18.74	−1.67 ± 21.10	9.38 (− 5.87, 24.63)	0.263
Mental domain	15.56 ± 20.21	14.81 ± 23.18	0.75 (− 15.88, 17.38)	0.949
Vitality	7.14 ± 14.77	2.67 ± 11.93	4.48 (− 5.72, 14.67)	0.272
Social functioning	7.96 ± 17.39	13.70 ± 18.95	−5.74 (− 19.63, 8.15)	0.474
Emotional role	42.85 ± 54.59	31.11 ± 64.82	11.74 (− 34.09, 57.57)	0.852
Mental health	4.29 ± 15.09	6.39 ± 11.77	−2.10 (− 12.37, 8.17)	0.991
WOMAC total score	−15.50 ± 10.18	−14.13 ± 9.36	−1.37 (− 8.81, 6.08)	0.613
Pain	−2.43 ± 3.30	−1.89 ± 2.26	− 0.54 (− 3.16, 2.08)	0.912
Stiffness	−1.43 ± 1.60	−1.00 ± 1.41	− 0.43 (− 1.79, 0.93)	0.453
Physical function	−11.64 ± 7.40	−8.00 ± 8.72	−3.64 (− 10.69, 3.40)	0.164

Mann-Whitney U test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.; 95% CI: 95% Confidence Intervals