Fig. 5.

Paclitaxel induces a metabolic shift from oxidative metabolism towards glycolysis in patient-derived TNBC organoids. A, B Growth of BCO17 and IDC031 TNBC organoids after treatment with increasing concentrations of paclitaxel A or epirubicin B for 7 days. C Calculated IC₅₀ values and 95% confidence intervals for epirubicin and paclitaxel in TNBC organoids. D, E Glucose consumption (D) and lactate secretion (E) in BCO17 and IDC031 TNBC organoids treated with 10 nM paclitaxel or 125 nM epirubicin for 7 days. F–G Glucose-dependent (F) and maximal ECAR (G) in BCO17 and IDC031 organoids treated with 10 nM paclitaxel or 125 nM epirubicin for 7 days. Data are plotted as the means ± SEM from n = 3–6 cultures, performed each time with ≥ 3 technical replicates (A, B, and D–G). Significance was determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test (D–G). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ns, not significant