Table 8.
Effects of omega-3 fatty acids, sourced by O3 trial feed, on nursery pig performance and cytokine production in experiment 11
| O3 trial feed,2 % | P = | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Item | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | SEM | Linear | Quadratic |
| BW, kg | ||||||||
| day 0 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 5.8 | 8.8 | 0.03 | 0.366 | 0.927 |
| day 13 | 7.2 | 7.0 | 7.4 | 7.3 | 7.4 | 0.12 | 0.042 | 0.831 |
| day 22 | 11.6 | 11.1 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.4 | 0.18 | 0.361 | 0.441 |
| day 41 | 23.0 | 21.8 | 23.3 | 22.9 | 22.7 | 0.32 | 0.534 | 0.975 |
| Phase 1 (days 0 to 13) | ||||||||
| ADG, g | 110 | 97 | 126 | 112 | 126 | 8.08 | 0.065 | 0.732 |
| ADFI, g | 196 | 174 | 199 | 205 | 237 | 12.01 | 0.003 | 0.046 |
| G:F, g/kg | 556 | 551 | 630 | 556 | 554 | 34.3 | 0.993 | 0.245 |
| Phase 2 (days 13 to 22) | ||||||||
| ADG, g | 480 | 447 | 482 | 489 | 446 | 12.0 | 0.502 | 0.281 |
| ADFI, g | 600 | 608 | 633 | 621 | 576 | 15.6 | 0.487 | 0.013 |
| G:F, g/kg | 802 | 739 | 763 | 791 | 774 | 16.1 | 0.947 | 0.116 |
| Phase 3 (days 22 to 41)3 | ||||||||
| ADG, g | 602 | 567 | 606 | 585 | 595 | 12.5 | 0.914 | 0.544 |
| ADFI, g | 954 | 950 | 940 | 916 | 926 | 21.8 | 0.188 | 0.869 |
| G:F, g/kg | 631 | 602 | 645 | 639 | 643 | 9.9 | 0.046 | 0.646 |
| Overall (days 0 to 41) | ||||||||
| ADG, g | 415 | 384 | 425 | 408 | 411 | 7.8 | 0.497 | 0.695 |
| ADFI, g | 630 | 615 | 634 | 616 | 627 | 11.3 | 0.889 | 0.726 |
| G:F, g/kg | 659 | 625 | 670 | 662 | 657 | 9.5 | 0.264 | 0.906 |
| IL-1β change, pg/mL4 | 506.1 | 615.5 | 777.8 | 430.6 | 543.2 | 147.8 | 0.796 | 0.308 |
| TNF-α change, pg/mL5 | 5,002 | 6,093 | 5691 | 5,628 | 4,463 | 1,001.8 | 0.623 | 0.272 |
1A total of 350 pigs (line 241 × 600, DNA, Columbus NE; initially 5.8 ± 0.03 kg) were used with five pigs per pen and 14 replications per treatment and were fed trial diets for a 41-d period.
2Omega-6:3 ratios for the five treatments within each phase were: phase 1 (27.3:1, 11.6:1, 7.4:1, 5.4:1, and 4.3:1); phase 2 (23.0:1, 9.6:1, 6.1:1, 4.5:1, and 3.6:1); and phase 3 (24.4:1, 10.1:1, 6.5:1, 4.8:1, and 3.8:1), respectively (NBO3 Technologies LLC, Manhattan, KS).
3Two pigs per pen were injected intramuscularly with 20 micrograms Escherichia coli (E. coli) LPS per kg BW on day 25 to measure immune responses.
4Change in IL-1β from baseline (0 h) to 4 h after intramuscular injection with 20 µg Escherichia coli LPS per kg BW on day 25. The average IL-1β baseline was 4.1 ± 1.68 pg/mL across all treatments and with all baseline values below 21.5 pg/mL.
5Change in TNF-α from baseline (0 h) to 4 h after intramuscular injection with 20 µg Escherichia coli LPS per kg BW on d 25. The average TNF-α baseline was 114.5 ± 0.24 pg/mL across all treatments and with all baseline values below 527.7 pg/mL.