Fig. 8.

Piezoelectric hydrogel exhibits no major organ damage and reduces inflammatory response by modulating M1/M2 macrophages in periodontitis-periodontal defects. (A–C) Representative fluorescence images and positive percentage of M1 and M2 macrophages in the defects of the four groups at 12 weeks. (D) Salivary inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) after 12 weeks of post-surgery. (E, F) H&E staining images (10 × ) of major organs in the four groups at 4 weeks and 12 weeks. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs. Blank group. #p＜0.05, ##p＜0.01 significant differences between groups.