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. 2024 Feb 4;19(2):390–402. doi: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2024.01.006

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© 2024 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Depiction of how MSC-EVs facilitate the process of periodontal regeneration. MSC-EVs aid periodontal regeneration by countering damage from ROS. They enhance resistance to ROS, promote osteogenesis, and reduce bone resorption. Additionally, these vesicles suppress harmful Th17 cells, transform inflammatory cells, induce angiogenesis, and enhance processes leading to osteoblast formation and osteogenesis.

ROS: Reactive oxygen species; MSC: Mesenchymal stem cell; EV: Extracellular vesicle; MSC-EV: Mesenchymal stem cell-derived EV; RANK/RANKL/OPG: Receptor activator of NF-κB/receptor activator of NF-kB ligand/osteoprotegerin; miR-1260b: MicroRNA 1260b; miR-1246: MicroRNA 1246; miR-155-5b: MicroRNA 155-5b; Th17; T helper 17 cell.