Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of 6245 C4R participants with serology results from February 2021 through August 2022
| Characteristic | Overall | Anti-S1 quartiles | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | ||
| No. of participants | 6245 | 1562 | 1561 | 1561 | 1561 |
| Anti-S1 antibody, mean (SD), MFI (log-transformed) | 8.4 (1.3) | 6.6 (1.0) | 8.1 (0.3) | 9.0 (0.2) | 9.9 (0.3) |
| Natural log transformed-anti-N antibody, mean (SD), MFI | 4.7 (1.1) | 4.3 (0.8) | 4.5 (0.9) | 4.7 (1.0) | 5.3 (1.5) |
| Age, no. (%) | |||||
| Less than 65 years | 1448 (23.2%) | 235 (15%) | 374 (24%) | 430 (27.5%) | 409 (26.2%) |
| 65–79 years | 3182 (51%) | 868 (55.6%) | 846 (54.2%) | 747 (47.9%) | 721 (46.2%) |
| 80 years and greater | 1615 (25.9%) | 459 (29.4%) | 341 (21.8%) | 384 (24.6%) | 431 (27.6%) |
| Female sex, no. (%) | 3643 (58.3%) | 784 (50.2%) | 906 (58%) | 964 (61.8%) | 989 (63.4%) |
| Self-reported race or ethnicity, no. (%) | |||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 4773 (76.4%) | 1219 (78%) | 1172 (75.1%) | 1196 (76.6%) | 1186 (76%) |
| American Indian and Alaskan Native | 125 (2%) | 30 (1.9%) | 22 (1.4%) | 26 (1.7%) | 47 (3%) |
| Asian | 193 (3.1%) | 28 (1.8%) | 51 (3.3%) | 66 (4.2%) | 48 (3.1%) |
| African American/Black | 1098 (17.6%) | 271 (17.3%) | 302 (19.3%) | 258 (16.5%) | 267 (17.1%) |
| Hispanic | 56 (0.9%) | 14 (0.9%) | 14 (0.9%) | 15 (1%) | 13 (0.8%) |
| Education attainment, no. (%) | |||||
| Less than high school | 245 (3.9%) | 52 (3.3%) | 60 (3.8%) | 57 (3.7%) | 76 (4.9%) |
| High school | 1358 (21.7%) | 336 (21.5%) | 303 (19.4%) | 329 (21.1%) | 390 (25%) |
| College | 1218 (19.5%) | 328 (21%) | 359 (23%) | 299 (19.2%) | 232 (14.9%) |
| Beyond college | 3424 (54.8%) | 846 (54.2%) | 839 (53.7%) | 876 (56.1%) | 863 (55.3%) |
| Study cohort, no. (%) | |||||
| ARIC | 1705 (27.3%) | 253 (16.2%) | 286 (18.3%) | 491 (31.5%) | 675 (43.2%) |
| CARDIA | 144 (2.3%) | 34 (2.2%) | 49 (3.1%) | 36 (2.3%) | 25 (1.6%) |
| COPDGene | 444 (7.1%) | 144 (9.2%) | 132 (8.5%) | 93 (6%) | 75 (4.8%) |
| FHS | 1138 (18.2%) | 127 (8.1%) | 258 (16.5%) | 326 (20.9%) | 427 (27.4%) |
| JHS | 34 (0.5%) | 7 (0.4%) | 6 (0.4%) | 14 (0.9%) | 7 (0.4%) |
| MASALA | 145 (2.3%) | 12 (0.8%) | 40 (2.6%) | 57 (3.7%) | 36 (2.3%) |
| MESA | 215 (3.4%) | 77 (4.9%) | 65 (4.2%) | 52 (3.3%) | 21 (1.3%) |
| PrePF | 72 (1.2%) | 24 (1.5%) | 18 (1.2%) | 16 (1%) | 14 (0.9%) |
| REGARDS | 2087 (33.4%) | 811 (51.9%) | 649 (41.6%) | 418 (26.8%) | 209 (13.4%) |
| SARP | 48 (0.8%) | 14 (0.9%) | 12 (0.8%) | 9 (0.6%) | 13 (0.8%) |
| SHS | 117 (1.9%) | 28 (1.8%) | 20 (1.3%) | 24 (1.5%) | 45 (2.9%) |
| SPIROMICS | 96 (1.5%) | 31 (2%) | 26 (1.7%) | 25 (1.6%) | 14 (0.9%) |
| Smoking status, no. (%) | |||||
| Never | 2839 (45.5%) | 634 (40.6%) | 709 (45.4%) | 766 (49.1%) | 730 (46.8%) |
| Former | 2828 (45.3%) | 764 (48.9%) | 692 (44.3%) | 667 (42.7%) | 705 (45.2%) |
| Current | 578 (9.2%) | 164 (10.5%) | 160 (10.3%) | 128 (8.2%) | 126 (8.0%) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, no. (%) | |||||
| <25 kg/m2 | 1602 (25.7%) | 403 (25.8%) | 394 (25.2%) | 390 (25%) | 415 (26.6%) |
| 25–29.9 kg/m2 | 2455 (39.3%) | 584 (37.4%) | 612 (39.2%) | 639 (40.9%) | 620 (39.7%) |
| 30–35 kg/m2 | 1357 (21.7%) | 338 (21.6%) | 357 (22.9%) | 325 (20.8%) | 337 (21.6%) |
| >35 kg/m2 | 831 (13.3%) | 237 (15.2%) | 198 (12.7%) | 207 (13.3%) | 189 (12.1%) |
| Hypertension, no. (%) | 3430 (54.9%) | 969 (62%) | 842 (53.9%) | 804 (51.5%) | 815 (52.2%) |
| Diabetes, no. (%) | 1202 (19.2%) | 383 (24.5%) | 288 (18.4%) | 256 (16.4%) | 275 (17.6%) |
| Cardiovascular disease, no. (%) | 700 (11.2%) | 223 (14.3%) | 188 (12%) | 149 (9.5%) | 140 (9%) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, no. (%) | 602 (9.6%) | 198 (12.7%) | 157 (10.1%) | 134 (8.6%) | 113 (7.2%) |
| Asthma, no. (%) | 750 (12%) | 215 (13.8%) | 187 (12%) | 165 (10.6%) | 183 (11.7%) |
| Chronic kidney disease, no. (%) | 156 (2.5%) | 40 (2.6%) | 40 (2.6%) | 40 (2.6%) | 36 (2.3%) |
| COVID-19 infection prior to serosurvey, no. (%) | |||||
| No infection | 4823 (77.2%) | 1316 (84.3%) | 1236 (79.2%) | 1215 (77.8%) | 1056 (67.6%) |
| Infection prior to vaccine—not hospitalized | 910 (14.6%) | 155 (9.9%) | 230 (14.7%) | 238 (15.2%) | 287 (18.4%) |
| Infection prior to vaccine—hospitalized | 214 (3.4%) | 41 (2.6%) | 41 (2.6%) | 52 (3.3%) | 80 (5.1%) |
| Infection after vaccine—not hospitalized | 298 (4.8%) | 50 (3.2%) | 54 (3.5%) | 56 (3.6%) | 138 (8.8%) |
| Vaccine type, no. (%) | |||||
| BNT162b2 mRNA (Pfizer-BioNTech) | 3237 (51.8%) | 1080 (69.1%) | 823 (52.7%) | 702 (45%) | 632 (40.5%) |
| mRNA-1273 (Moderna) | 3008 (48.2%) | 482 (30.9%) | 738 (47.3%) | 859 (55%) | 929 (59.5%) |
| Time between first vaccination dose and serosurvey collection, mean (SD), months | 4 (1.7) | 5 (1.5) | 4.6 (11.5) | 3.8 (1.6) | 2.8 (1.5) |
ARIC Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, CARDIA Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults, COPDGene Genetic Epidemiology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, FHS Framingham Heart Study, JHS Jackson Heart Study, MASALA Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America, MESA Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, MFI median fluorescence intensity, PrePF Preclinical Pulmonary Fibrosis, REGARDS Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke, SARP Severe Asthma Research Program, SHS Strong Heart Study, SPIROMICS Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcomes in COPD Study.
Data presented are from multiple imputation and numbers are rounded to whole integer and percentages are rounded to nearest tenth decimal point.
Chronic kidney disease defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate below 45 mL/min/1.73m2.