Table 1.
General characteristics of the included studies
| ID | Author [Year] | Study area | Study design | Sample size | Prevalence (95% CI) | Quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Abera A et al. [2015] | Oromia | CS | 221 | 36.19(29.9, 42.5) | Low risk |
| 2. | Alagaw A et al. [2013] | SNNP | CS | 357 | 25.6(21.1, 30.1) | Low risk |
| 3. | Amberbir A et al. [2008] | Oromia | Cohort | 400 | 5.7(3.4, 8.0) | Low risk |
| 4. | Angelo AT et al. [2021] | SNNP | CS | 329 | 16.7(12.7, 20.7) | Low risk |
| 5. | Assefa N et al. [2021] | A. A | CS | 422 | 61(56.4, 65.7) | Low risk |
| 6. | Awel M et al. [2007] | Oromia | CS | 459 | 17(13.6, 20.4) | Low risk |
| 7. | Aychiluhm SB et al. [2021] | Amhara | CS | 310 | 17.4(13.2, 21.6) | Low risk |
| 8. | Beyene KA et al. [2009] | Oromia + SNNP | CS | 422 | 6.9(4.5, 9.3) | Low risk |
| 9. | Billoro BB et al. [2018] | SNNP | CS | 265 | 43.8(37.8, 49.8) | Low risk |
| 10. | Bitew BD et al. [2014] | SNNP | Case-control | 462 | Not applicable | Low risk |
| 11. | Chaka TE et al. [2016] | Oromia | CS | 1,631 | 3(2.2, 3.8) | Low risk |
| 12. | Debito T et al. [2014] | SNNP | CS | 341 | 21.4(17.1, 25.8) | Low risk |
| 13. | Demas Z et al. [2022] | Oromia | CS | 385 | 30.6(26.0, 35.2) | Low risk |
| 14. | Demeke B et al. [2014] | Amhara | CS | 130 | 10(4.8, 15.2) | Low risk |
| 15. | Demessie R et al. [2014] | A. A | CS | 350 | 20.9(16.6, 25.2) | Low risk |
| 16. | Desta AA et al. [2020] | Tigray | Cohort | 19,525 | 5.16(4.9, 5.5) | Low risk |
| 17. | Dibaba D et al. [2021] | Oromia | CS | 445 | 10.2(7.4, 13.0) | Low risk |
| 18. | Ejigu M et al. [2020] | Oromia | CS | 284 | 19(14.4, 23.6) | Low risk |
| 19. | Ejigu SH et al [2014] | Oromia | CS | 271 | 21.1(16.2, 26.0) | Low risk |
| 20. | Gebregziabher TT et al. [2020] | Tigray | CS | 339 | 25.4(20.8, 30.0) | Low risk |
| 21. | Hassen A et al. [2018] | Oromia | CS | 352 | 26.4(21.8, 31.0) | Low risk |
| 22. | Hebo SH et al. [2019] | SNNP | CS | 355 | 32.23(27.4, 37.1) | Low risk |
| 23. | Hussen HS et al. [2019] | SNNP | CS | 391 | 32.23(27.6, 36.9) | Low risk |
| 24. | Jima F et al. [2018] | Amhara | CS | 160 | 14.4(9.0, 19.8) | Low risk |
| 25. | Kassahun TB et al. [2018] | Oromia | CS | 321 | 27.7(22.8, 32.6) | Low risk |
| 26. | Koyra HC et al. [2018] | SNNP | CS | 320 | 32(27.0, 37.1) | Low risk |
| 27. | Letta S et al. [2016] | Harari + Dire D | CS | 620 | 15(12.2, 17.8) | Low risk |
| 28. | Markos E et al. [2008] | Sidama | CS | 291 | 25.8()20.8, 30.8 | Low risk |
| 29. | Mengistie A et al. [2018] | Amhara | CS | 352 | 5(2.7, 7.3) | Low risk |
| 30. | Mitku H et al. [2013] | Harari | CS | 239 | 13(8.7, 17.3) | Low risk |
| 31. | Mitku AA et al. [2016] | Amhara | CS | 224 | 10.3(6.3, 14.3) | Low risk |
| 32. | Mohammed M et al. [2023] | Amhara | CS | 394 | 33.2(28.6, 37.9) | Low risk |
| 33. | Molla AA et al. [2018] | Amhara | CS | 440 | 11.8(8.8, 14.8) | Low risk |
| 34. | Negash E et al. [2016] | Oromia | CS | 383 | 10.7(7.6, 13.8) | Low risk |
| 35. | Nigusso FT et al. [2020] | B/Gumuz | CS | 390 | 39.7(34.8, 44.6) | Low risk |
| 36. | Reta H et al. [2017] | SNNP | CS | 81 | 11(4.2, 17.8) | Low risk |
| 37. | Rike M et al. [2021 | SNNP | CS | 370 | 19.7(15.7, 23.8) | Low risk |
| 38. | Tadesse S et al. [2014 | Amhara | CS | 647 | 14.7(12.0, 17.4) | Low risk |
| 39. | Tesfay S et al. [2022] | Somali | CS | 373 | 23.1(18.8, 27.4) | Low risk |
| 40. | Tessema B et al. [2010] | Amhara | CS | 504 | 17.3(14.0, 20.6) | Low risk |
| 41. | Tiyou A et al. [2010] | Oromia | CS | 319 | 27.6(22.7, 32.5) | Low risk |
| 42. | Tsega B et al. [2015] | Amhara | CS | 351 | 19.1(15.0, 23.2) | Low risk |
| 43. | Yadeta AD et al. [2016] | Oromia | CS | 326 | 33.74(28.6, 38.9) | Low risk |
| 44. | Zeleke AB et al. [2012] | Oromia | CS | 334 | 6.29(3.7, 8.9) | Low risk |
| 45. | Zewude SB et al. [2022] | Amhara | CS | 432 | 18.5(14.8, 22.2) | Low risk |
Abbreviations: AA, Addis Ababa; B/Gumuz, Benishangul Gumuz; CS, cross-sectional; Dire D, Dire Dawa;SNNP,Southern nations, nationalities and peoples