Table 2.

Associations of sarcopenia and its components with PEF and PEF%pred in the cross-sectional analysis

	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
	β (95%CI)	P value	β (95%CI)	P value	β (95%CI)	P value
PEF
HGS	5.68 (5.34, 6.02)	< 0.001	3.58 (3.15, 4.01)	< 0.001	3.13 (2.68, 3.57)	< 0.001
Gait speed	116.40 (101.10, 131.70)	< 0.001	68.51 (54.22, 82.80)	< 0.001	61.52 (47.25, 75.80)	< 0.001
5CST	− 5.85 (− 6.59, − 5.10)	< 0.001	− 3.30 (− 4.00, − 2.59)	< 0.001	− 3.07 (− 3.77, − 2.37)	< 0.001
SPPB	19.06 (17.33, 20.79)	< 0.001	11.53 (9.81, 13.25)	< 0.001	10.66 (8.91, 12.40)	< 0.001
SMI	42.27 (39.39, 45.16)	< 0.001	18.26 (13.77, 22.74)	< 0.001	69.65 (47.21, 92.08)	< 0.001
Sarcopenia	− 40.66 (− 47.33, − 33.99)	< 0.001	− 26.74 (− 33.08, − 20.40)	< 0.001	− 19.15 (− 26.69, − 11.62)	< 0.001
PEF%pred
HGS	0.65 (0.55, 0.74)	< 0.001	0.96 (0.84, 1.09)	< 0.001	0.84 (0.71, 0.97)	< 0.001
Gait speed	18.29 (14.30, 22.28)	< 0.001	19.37 (15.27, 23.48)	< 0.001	17.51 (13.40, 21.62)	< 0.001
5CST	− 0.93 (− 1.12,− 0.73)	< 0.001	− 1.00 (− 1.21, − 0.80)	< 0.001	− 0.95 (− 1.15, − 0.75)	< 0.001
SPPB	2.98 (2.52, 3.44)	< 0.001	3.46 (2.97, 3.96)	< 0.001	3.24 (2.74, 3.74)	< 0.001
SMI	3.03 (2.22, 3.83)	< 0.001	5.24 (3.96, 6.53)	< 0.001	22.95 (16.50, 29.39)	< 0.001
Sarcopenia	− 6.36 (− 8.09, − 4.63)	< 0.001	− 7.82 (− 9.64, − 6.00)	< 0.001	− 5.82 (− 7.98, − 3.65)	< 0.001

HGS hand grip strength, 5CST five-repetition chair stand test, SPPB short physical performance battery, SMI skeletal muscle mass index, PEF peak expiratory flow

Model 1, unadjust

Model 2, adjust for age and sex

Model 3, adjust for age, sex, education level, smoking status, drinking status, BMI, marital status, residential area, type of cooking fuels, hypertension, diabetes, heart problems, stroke, and kidney disease