Skip to main content
. 2023 Jul 19;15(1):95–104. doi: 10.1007/s41999-023-00838-2

Table 4.

Associations of the change trajectories between sarcopenic components with PEF or PEFpred% from 2011 to 2015

Model 1 Model 2 Model 3
β (95%CI) P value β (95%CI) P value β (95%CI) P value
PEF change
 HGS change 0.42 (− 0.10, 0.93) 0.112 0.36 (− 0.16, 0.87) 0.176 0.41 (− 0.01, 0.82) 0.056
 Gait speed change 17.80 (3.19, 32.40) 0.017 13.01 (− 1.75, 27.76) 0.084 24.96 (12.98, 36.94)  < 0.001
 5CST change − 2.32 (− 3.22, − 1.41)  < 0.001 − 2.16 (− 3.07, − 1.25)  < 0.001 − 1.92 (− 2.66, − 1.19)  < 0.001
 SPPB change 4.78 (2.90, 6.65)  < 0.001 4.19 (2.30, 6.08)  < 0.001 3.66 (2.13, 5.19)  < 0.001
 SMI change − 9.12 (− 20.59, 2.35) 0.119 − 10.19 (− 21.64, 1.27) 0.081 2.22 (− 7.29, 11.74) 0.647
PEFpred% change
 HGS change 0.14 (− 0.01, 0.30) 0.070 0.13 (− 0.02, 0.29) 0.093 0.15 (0.02, 0.28) 0.030
 Gait speed change 5.35 (0.96, 9.74) 0.017 4.27 (− 0.17, 8.71) 0.060 7.62 (3.85, 11.39)  < 0.001
 5CST change − 0.71 (− 0.98, − 0.44)  < 0.001 − 0.68 (− 0.95,− 0.41)  < 0.001 − 0.61 (− 0.84, − 0.38)  < 0.001
 SPPB score change 1.42 (0.86, 1.98)  < 0.001 1.30 (0.74, 1.87)  < 0.001 1.16 (0.68, 1.65)  < 0.001
 SMI change − 2.35 (− 5.80, 1.10) 0.182 − 2.67 (− 6.12, 0.78) 0.130 1.07 (− 1.92, 4.07) 0.482

HGS hand grip strength, 5CST five-repetition chair stand test, SPPB short physical performance battery, SMI skeletal muscle mass index, PEF peak expiratory flow

Model 1, unadjust

Model 2, adjust for age and sex

Model 3, adjust for age, sex, education level, smoking status, drinking status, BMI, marital status, residential area, type of cooking fuels, baseline PEF or PEF%pred, hypertension, diabetes, heart problems, stroke, and kidney disease