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. 2023 Nov 15;28(1):104–115. doi: 10.1007/s10995-023-03806-1

Table 3.

Unadjusted and adjusted regression analyses of caregiver beliefs about topical fluoride for caregivers of CSHCN and caregivers of healthy children

Topical fluoride beliefs Caregivers of all children
n (%)
Caregivers of CSHCNb
N = 87
n (%)
Caregivers of healthy children
N = 433
n (%)
Unadjusted odds ratiod (95% CI)c p-value Adjusteda odds ratiod (95% CI)c p-value
On a scale of 0–10, how concerned are you about topical fluoride for your child?
 Some degree of concern 259 (49.8%) 44 (50.6%) 215 (49.7%) 1.02 (0.65–1.62) 0.92 1.02 (0.61–1.73) 0.93
 Not concerned 258 (49.6%) 43 (49.4%) 215 (49.7%)
 Missing 3 (0.6%) 0 3 (0.7%)
I think topical fluoride is harmless for my child
 Agree 325 (62.5%) 61 (70.1%) 264 (61.0%) 1.50 (0.90–2.48) 0.12 1.78 (0.99–3.19) 0.05
 Disagree 187 (36.0%) 25 (28.7%) 162 (37.4%)
Missing 8 (1.5%) 1 (1.1%) 7 (1.6%)
I think there is enough proof that topical fluoride is safe for my child
 Agree 386 (74.2%) 72 (82.8%) 314 (72.5%) 1.70 (0.93–3.08) 0.08 1.86 (0.94–3.67) 0.07
 Disagree 126 (24.2%) 15 (17.2%) 111 (25.6)
 Missing 8 (1.5%) 0 8 (1.8%)
I am concerned topical fluoride may cause learning problems for my child
 Concerned 168 (32.3%) 25 (28.7%) 143 (33.0%) 0.80 (0.48–1.33) 0.39 0.96 (0.53–1.72) 0.88
 Not concerned 340 (65.4%) 61 (70.1%) 279 (64.4%)
 Missing 12 (2.3%) 1 (1.1%) 11 (2.5%)
I am concerned topical fluoride may cause my child to have autism
 Concerned 90 (17.3%) 13 (14.9%) 77 (18.2%) 0.80 (0.42–1.51) 0.49 0.95 (0.43–2.07) 0.89
 Not concerned 418 (80.4%) 73 (83.9%) 345 (81.8%)
 Missing 12 (2.3%) 1 (1.1%) 11 (2.5%)
I am concerned topical fluoride may hurt my child’s IQ
 Concerned 127 (24.4%) 17 (19.5%) 110 (26.1%) 0.71 (0.40–1.26) 0.24 0.73 (0.37–1.44) 0.36
 Not concerned 380 (73.1%) 68 (78.2%) 312 (73.9%)
 Missing 13 (2.5%) 2 (2.3%) 11 (2.5%)

aModel was adjusted for the following confounders: caregiver age, race, ethnicity, gender, education, and household income

bCSHCN, Children with Special Health Care Needs

c95% confidence interval

dOdds ratio is for caregivers of children with special health care needs (reference group: caregivers of healthy children)