Table 3.
Anthropometric, body composition and laboratory parameters of AGHD patients while on long-term GH-substitution (GHS), after 2-month GH-withdrawal (GHW), and 1 month after GH-reinstitution (GHRI).
| GHS (n=11) | GHW (n=11) | GHRI (n=11) | p values | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (=Visit 1) | (=Visit 2) | (=Visit 3) | ||
| Anthropometry | ||||
| Weight (kg) | 76.2 ± 27.0 | 75.7 ± 25.4 | 76.9 ± 25.7 | ns |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.6 (21.6-36.0) | 25.3 (23.3-35.7) | 25.7 (23.6-36.3) | ns |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 89.8 ± 15.2 | 90.2 ± 12.8 | 89.6 ± 13.5 | ns |
| Waist-hip ratio | 0.95 ± 0.08 | 0.95 ± 0.07 | 0.95 ± 0.07 | ns |
| Body composition | ||||
| Percent body fat (%) | 32.0 ± 8.4* | 33.7 ± 8.5 | 33.5 ± 8.6 | 0.04* |
| Visceral fat area (cm2) | 130.5 ± 51.6 | 134.2 ± 43.1 | 131.60 ± 44.6 | ns |
| Fat mass (kg) | 24.5 ± 11.1 | 25.4 ± 10.4 | 25.8 ± 11.0 | ns |
| Fat-free mass (kg) | 51.8 ± 19.6* | 50.3 ± 19.1# | 51.1 ± 18.9 | <0.01* 0.04# |
| Skeletal muscle mass (kg) | 28.5 ± 11.8* | 27.5 ± 11.5# | 28.0 ± 11.3 | <0.01* 0.03# |
| Total body water (L) | 38.2 ± 14.5* | 37.2 ± 14.1 | 37.7 ± 14.0 | <0.01* |
| Intracellular water content (L) | 23.4 ± 9.0* | 22.6 ± 8.8# | 23.0 ± 8.7 | <0.01* 0.03# |
| Extracellular water content (L) | 14.8 ± 5.5 | 14.6 ± 5.3 | 14.7 ± 5.3 | ns |
| Bone mineral content (kg) | 2.83 ± 0.9* | 2.76 ± 0.9# | 2.82 ± 0.9 | <0.01* <0.01# |
| Laboratory parameters | ||||
| Afamin (µg/mL) | 85.0 ± 25.5* | 69.7 ± 19.1# | 86.4 ± 20.1 | 0.03* <0.01# |
| IGF-1 (µg/L) | 162.0 (146.0-180.0)* | 95.1 (67.4-141.7)# | 164.3 (134.3-222.7) | <0.01* <0.01# |
| hsCRP (mg/L) | 2.1 (1.4-3.5) | 3.6 (1.4-8.2)# | 1.3 (1.2-4.0) | <0.01# |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.0 (4.7-5.7) | 4.7 (4.0-5.2) | 4.9 (4.4-5.1) | ns |
| C-peptide (pmol/L) | 1096 (915-1410)* (n=10) | 731 (424-1148) (n=10) | 807 (532-1670) (n=10) | 0.04* |
| Insulin (mU/L) | 19.9 (9.7-54.1)* (n=10) | 11.1 (7.5-14.9) (n=10) | 16.6 (6.1-22.3) (n=10) | 0.01* |
| HbA1C (%) | 5.4 (5.2-6.5) (n=10) | 5.5 (5.1-6.2) (n=10) | 5.5 (5.1-6.3) (n=10) | ns |
| HOMA-IR | 4.5 (2.2-12.6)* (n=10) | 2.3 (1.4-3.4) (n=10) | 3.8 (1.2-5.7) (n=10) | <0.01* |
| eGFR (mL/1.73 m2) | 90.0 (78.0-90.0) | 90.0 (82.0-90.0) | 90.0 (90.0-90.0) | ns |
| AST (U/L) | 25.0 (17.0-29.0) | 20.0 (17.0-35.0) | 21.0 (17.0-29.0) | ns |
| Thyroxine (pmol/L) | 16.9 ± 4.9 | 18.6 ± 2.7 | 17.3 ± 2.6 | ns |
| Cortisol (nmol/L) | 172.1 (57.4-332.8) | 232.9 (157.0-413.1) | 136.0 (106.1-271.7) | ns |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.7 (1.2- 2.6) | 1.6 (1.1-2.2) | 1.6 (1.2-1.8) | ns |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.3 ± 0.7 | 4.9 ± 0.9 | 5.3 ± 0.8 | ns |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.2 | ns |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.0 ± 0.6 | 3.1 ± 0.9 | 3.1 ± 0.6 | ns |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 155.6 ± 12.4 | 149.7 ± 12.0 | 149.1 ± 10.0 | ns |
| Hematocrit | 0.46 ± 0.04 | 0.45 ± 0.03 | 0.45 ± 0.03 | ns |
Data are expressed as mean ± SD or median and interquartile range in case of nonnormally distributed data and analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. Greenhouse-Geisser correction was applied to correct any potential problems of non-sphericity. P values derive from Tukey’s post hoc test and are presented if the overall ANOVA has a p value of lower than or equal to 0.05. Our T1DM patient has been excluded from the analysis of the parameters of glucose metabolism. * Indicates statistically significant difference between GHS and GHW. # Indicates statistically significant difference between GHW and GHRI. No statistically significant difference was found between GHS and GHRI.
AGHD, adult growth hormone deficiency; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; eGFR, glomerular filtration rate; GHRI, growth hormone reinstitution; GHS, growth hormone substitution; GHW, growth hormone withdrawal; HbA1C, Hemoglobin A1C; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; hsCRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein; IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor 1; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; ns, not significant.