Fig. 1.

Amitriptyline inhibited TNF-α-induced ASMase activation (a) Western blotting data showing effects of TNF-α on expression levels of ASMase in HUVECs. (b) Statistical results of relative protein expression. (c) The effect of TNF-α on ceramide levels in the supernatant. (d) Activity of ASMase in HUVECs. (e) The effect of AMI (0–5 μM) on ceramide levels in the supernatant of TNF-α-activated HUVECs as measured by ELISA Data are represented as the mean±SEM (n = 3–6). All the experiments were performed independently three times. P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P< 0.001 vs control; ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01, ^###P < 0.001 vs TNF-α