Fig. 3.

Amitriptyline inhibited ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression and monocyte adhesion in TNF-α-induced endothelial cells (a) Western blotting data showing effects of AMI on expression levels of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and MCP-1 in TNF-α stimulated HUVECs. (b, c) The effect of AMI (0, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5 μM) on sVCAM-1 levels in the supernatant (b), sICAM-1 (c) in TNF-α-activated HUVEC as measured by ELISA. (d) The effect of AMI on THP-1 monocyte adhesion to TNF-α-activated HUVECs. Bar: 400 μm in (d). The concentrate of TNF-α was 20 ng/ml. Data are represented as the mean±SEM (n = 3–6). All the experiments were performed independently three times. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P< 0.001 vs control; ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01, ^###P < 0.001 vs TNF-α