Fig. 4.

Amitriptyline prevented TNF-α-mediated ECs dysfunction (a) AMI attenuated TNF-α effects on HUVECs in the transwell (8 μm) assay. (b) Quantitative analysis of cell migration in (a). (c) AMI attenuated the effect of TNF-α in HUVECs as measured by EdU staining. (d) Quantitative analysis of the proliferation rates in (c) (n = 5). Bar: 200 μm in (a), 400 μm in (c). Data are represented as the mean±SEM (n = 5). The concentrate of TNF-α was 20 ng/ml. All the experiments were performed independently three times. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs control; ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01, ^###P < 0.001 vs TNF-α