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. 2024 Feb 6;11:1169538. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1169538

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Timeline of the evolution of malnutrition definition and diagnosis. PEM, Protein-energy malnutrition; ESPEN, European society for clinical nutrition and metabolism; AND/ASPEN, the academy of nutrition and dietetics/american society for parenteral and enteral nutrition; MSS, malnutrition-sarcopenia syndrome; GLIM, global leadership initiative on malnutrition.