Table 3.

Comparison of the Bioactivity of NiO and the Previously Reported Antiparasitic and Antimicrobial Nanoparticles

Nanomaterial	Bioactivity	Effect	Reference
NiO-NPs	Antiparasitic	Inhibited camel tick Hyalomma Dromedarii	[54]
Ag NPs	Antiparasitic	Inhibited larvae of malaria vector, Anopheles subpictus Grassi	[44]
Gold NPs	Antiparasitic	Inhibited Leishmania Major	[63]
CuO NPs	Antiparasitic	Inhibited E. histolytica	[64]
Curcuminoids-loaded lipid	Antiparasitic	Inhibited Plasmodium Berghei	[65]
NiO-NPs	Antiparasitic	Antiparasitic activity followed the order: NiO-olive > NiO-pure > olive leaf extract against adult H. dromedarii specimens	Current study
NiO-NPs	Antibacterial	NiO-NPs are more effective against Gram-negative bacteria than Gram-positive ones.	[66]
NiO-NPs	Antibacterial	Broad-spectrum antibiotic properties make synthetic NiO-NPs effective against Bacillus subtilis and E. coli.	[67]
NiO-NPs	Antifungal	A. alternata was found to be very sensitive with a percentage inhibition of 71.25%, followed by A. niger with a percentage inhibition of 39.51% at high concentrations (1000 g/mL), whilst F. oxysporum was found to be less vulnerable.	[68]
NiO-NPs	Antimicrobial	Gram-positive bacteria were targeted with higher activity than Gram-negative bacteria. The antibacterial activity of the NPs improved with an increase in NiO-NP concentration against all of the tested bacterial strains.	[69]
NiO-NPs	Antimicrobial	The greatest inhibition zone for Bacillus subtilis was 28.1±1.6 mm, whereas the minimum inhibition zone for Klebsiella pneumonia was 9.2± 0.5 mm.	[70]
NiO-NPs	Antimicrobial	The antimicrobial activity followed the order as-prepared (NiO-olive) > olive leaf extract > NiO-pure against, P. aeruginosa, B. cereus, A. niger, and C. albicans.	Current study