. 2024 Feb 6;6:1352725. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1352725

Table 2.

Kinematic and spatiotemporal characteristics of the run-up and take-off for SU and UN attempts.

Variable		Mean ± SD	% diff (Cohen's d)	P1 % diff	P2 % diff	P3 % diff	P4 % diff	P5 % diff	P6 % diff	P7 % diff
Step to bar angle (°)	SU	28.70 ± 8.20	−6.39 ± 9.36% (d = 0.184)	−1.18	−9.72	−8.56	−16.46	−16.60	9.61	−1.79
Step to bar angle (°)	UN	27.10 ± 9.18	−6.39 ± 9.36% (d = 0.184)	−1.18	−9.72	−8.56	−16.46	−16.60	9.61	−1.79
Step 3 length (m)	SU	2.02 ± 0.24	0.01 ± 3.86% (d = 0.015)	−5.14	5.49	1.39	0.35	3.72	−3.18	−2.58
Step 3 length (m)	UN	2.02 ± 0.22	0.01 ± 3.86% (d = 0.015)	−5.14	5.49	1.39	0.35	3.72	−3.18	−2.58
Step 2 length (m)	SU	2.18 ± 0.22	−1.56 ± 4.11% (d = 0.165)	−1.00	5.23	−4.58	−2.64	−4.71	−5.76	2.53
Step 2 length (m)	UN	2.14 ± 0.21	−1.56 ± 4.11% (d = 0.165)	−1.00	5.23	−4.58	−2.64	−4.71	−5.76	2.53
Step 1 length (m)	SU	1.97 ± 0.13	−2.53 ± 3.16% (d = 0.341)	−5.31	3.42	−3.42	−2.76	−1.06	−2.36	−6.24
Step 1 length (m)	UN	1.92 ± 0.16	−2.53 ± 3.16% (d = 0.341)	−5.31	3.42	−3.42	−2.76	−1.06	−2.36	−6.24
Take-off distance (m)	SU	1.13 ± 0.17	6.39 ± 8.11% (d = 0.410)	13.77	12.22	−0.55	7.83	14.80	3.58	−6.94
Take-off distance (m)	UN	1.20 ± 0.17^a	6.39 ± 8.11% (d = 0.410)	13.77	12.22	−0.55	7.83	14.80	3.58	−6.94
Contact 4 duration (s)	SU	0.15 ± 0.01	6.24 ± 3.21% (d = 0.847)	6.25	-	3.57	10.00	10.34	3.57	3.70
Contact 4 duration (s)	UN	0.15 ± 0.01^a	6.24 ± 3.21% (d = 0.847)	6.25	-	3.57	10.00	10.34	3.57	3.70
Contact 3 duration (s)	SU	0.14 ± 0.01	−0.55 ± 8.13% (d = 0.060)	6.67	−3.45	−11.54	−6.90	11.54	−3.85	3.70
Contact 3 duration (s)	UN	0.14 ± 0.01	−0.55 ± 8.13% (d = 0.060)	6.67	−3.45	−11.54	−6.90	11.54	−3.85	3.70
Contact 2 duration (s)	SU	0.14 ± 0.02	3.68 ± 8.45% (d = 0.223)	−2.86	7.69	17.39	7.69	−3.57	−6.67	6.06
Contact 2 duration (s)	UN	0.15 ± 0.02	3.68 ± 8.45% (d = 0.223)	−2.86	7.69	17.39	7.69	−3.57	−6.67	6.06
Contact 1 duration (s)	SU	0.17 ± 0.01	5.09 ± 3.30% (d = 0.835)	5.88	2.94	2.70	6.25	2.86	3.23	11.76
Contact 1 duration (s)	UN	0.18 ± 0.01^b	5.09 ± 3.30% (d = 0.835)	5.88	2.94	2.70	6.25	2.86	3.23	11.76
Flight 3 duration (s)	SU	0.10 ± 0.03	−8.71 ± 11.62% (d = 0.259)	−10.00	−14.29	−21.43	4.7	−16.67	10.00	−13.33
Flight 3 duration (s)	UN	0.09 ± 0.03	−8.71 ± 11.62% (d = 0.259)	−10.00	−14.29	−21.43	4.7	−16.67	10.00	−13.33
Flight 2 duration (s)	SU	0.13 ± 0.02	0.44 ± 5.25% (d = 0.000)	8.70	−4.00	4.00	−3.33	−3.03	−4.00	4.76
Flight 2 duration (s)	UN	0.13 ± 0.02	0.44 ± 5.25% (d = 0.000)	8.70	−4.00	4.00	−3.33	−3.03	−4.00	4.76
Flight 1 duration (s)	SU	0.05 ± 0.01	−18.83 ± 15.39% (d = 0.847)	−33.33	9.09	−27.27	−14.29	−14.29	−15.38	−36.36
Flight 1 duration (s)	UN	0.04 ± 0.01^a	−18.83 ± 15.39% (d = 0.847)	−33.33	9.09	−27.27	−14.29	−14.29	−15.38	−36.36
FT:CT ratio	SU	0.31 ± 0.08	−22.48 ± 16.09% (d = 0.917)	−37.05	5.97	−29.19	−19.33	−16.67	−18.03	−43.06
FT:CT ratio	UN	0.24 ± 0.08^a	−22.48 ± 16.09% (d = 0.917)	−37.05	5.97	−29.19	−19.33	−16.67	−18.03	−43.06
Duration of knee flexion (s)	SU	0.10 ± 0.02	−3.14 ± 18.48% (d = 0.166)	0.00	0.00	0.00	−40.00	−10.53	14.29	14.29
Duration of knee flexion (s)	UN	0.10 ± 0.02	−3.14 ± 18.48% (d = 0.166)	0.00	0.00	0.00	−40.00	−10.53	14.29	14.29
Duration of knee extension (s)	SU	0.07 ± 0.01	19.37 ± 29.21% (d = 0.826)	14.29	8.33	9.09	83.33	18.75	−5.88	7.69
Duration of knee extension (s)	UN	0.08 ± 0.02	19.37 ± 29.21% (d = 0.826)	14.29	8.33	9.09	83.33	18.75	−5.88	7.69
Anteroposterior CM velocity at TD (m/s)	SU	5.31 ± 0.56	6.25 ± 5.04% (d = 0.015)	−2.57	−14.20	−8.39	−0.58	−10.95	−4.59	−2.47
Anteroposterior CM velocity at TD (m/s)	UN	4.98 ± 0.61^a	6.25 ± 5.04% (d = 0.015)	−2.57	−14.20	−8.39	−0.58	−10.95	−4.59	−2.47
Mediolateral CM velocity at TD (m/s)	SU	5.48 ± 0.73	1.42 ± 7.97% (d = 0.069)	15.61	0.77	−4.07	0.74	−10.16	5.26	1.78
Mediolateral CM velocity at TD (m/s)	UN	5.53 ± 0.60	1.42 ± 7.97% (d = 0.069)	15.61	0.77	−4.07	0.74	−10.16	5.26	1.78
Horizontal CM velocity at TD (m/s)	SU	7.67 ± 0.32	−1.90 ± 5.40% (d = 0.483)	3.64	−4.29	−6.50	3.96	−9.44	0.28	0.15
Horizontal CM velocity at TD (m/s)	UN	7.52 ± 0.32	−1.90 ± 5.40% (d = 0.483)	3.64	−4.29	−6.50	3.96	−9.44	0.28	0.15
Vertical CM velocity at TD (m/s)	SU	−0.44 ± 0.27	−65.63 ± 216.30% (d = 0.007)	−11.23	86.76	−15.36	20.08	8.63	−550.00	1.67
Vertical CM velocity at TD (m/s)	UN	−0.44 ± 0.29	−65.63 ± 216.30% (d = 0.007)	−11.23	86.76	−15.36	20.08	8.63	−550.00	1.67
Anteroposterior CM velocity at TO (m/s)	SU	2.67 ± 0.44	6.03 ± 10.34% (d = 0.332)	−7.72	9.07	3.13	19.38	10.26	14.80	−6.69
Anteroposterior CM velocity at TO (m/s)	UN	2.83 ± 0.56	6.03 ± 10.34% (d = 0.332)	−7.72	9.07	3.13	19.38	10.26	14.80	−6.69
Mediolateral CM velocity at TO (m/s)	SU	3.35 ± 0.38	−7.63 ± 13.51% (d = 0.544)	−10.33	−2.16	−15.67	3.02	−31.56	−6.60	9.87
Mediolateral CM velocity at TO (m/s)	UN	3.09 ± 0.56	−7.63 ± 13.51% (d = 0.544)	−10.33	−2.16	−15.67	3.02	−31.56	−6.60	9.87
Horizontal CM velocity at TO (m/s)	SU	4.30 ± 0.39	−1.33 ± 7.52% (d = 0.153)	−9.27	0.060	−5.80	8.41	−11.31	4.10	4.00
Horizontal CM velocity at TO (m/s)	UN	4.24 ± 0.45	−1.33 ± 7.52% (d = 0.153)	−9.27	0.060	−5.80	8.41	−11.31	4.10	4.00
Vertical CM velocity at TO (m/s)	SU	4.62 ± 0.19	−3.30 ± 8.82% (d = 0.576)	−13.30	−4.79	−14.10	−4.89	−0.51	7.72	7.49
Vertical CM velocity at TO (m/s)	UN	4.46 ± 0.33	−3.30 ± 8.82% (d = 0.576)	−13.30	−4.79	−14.10	−4.89	−0.51	7.72	7.49
Δ horizontal CM velocity (%)	SU	−43.93 ± 4.64	−0.31 ± 8.54% (d = 0.042)	17.60	−6.16	−1.04	−5.93	2.58	−5.90	−3.38
Δ horizontal CM velocity (%)	UN	−43.65 ± 5.11	−0.31 ± 8.54% (d = 0.042)	17.60	−6.16	−1.04	−5.93	2.58	−5.90	−3.38
Take-off angle (°)	SU	47.11 ± 2.71	−1.26 ± 5.29% (d = 0.176)	−2.69	−3.40	−5.82	−8.10	7.29	2.14	1.72
Take-off angle (°)	UN	46.52 ± 3.83	−1.26 ± 5.29% (d = 0.176)	−2.69	−3.40	−5.82	−8.10	7.29	2.14	1.72

The percentage differences between SU and UN are displayed for the combined sample (mean ± SD) and individual participants (P1–P7). Step 3 is the third step before take-off, and Contact 1 is take-off.

^{^a}

Significantly different from SU (p < 0.05).

^{^b}

Significantly different from SU (p < 0.01).