Table 3.
Postural characteristics of the take-off phase during SU and UN attempts.
| Variable | Mean ± SD | % diff (Cohen's d) |
P1 % diff |
P2 % diff |
P3 % diff |
P4 % diff |
P5 % diff |
P6 % diff |
P7 % diff |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CM–foot distance at TD (m) | SU | 0.77 ± 0.04 | 4.22 ± 4.20% (d = 0.803)N |
1.53 | 6.69 | 3.99 | 11.83 | −1.48 | 2.83 | 4.17 |
| UN | 0.80 ± 0.04a | |||||||||
| Hip angle (trail leg) TD (°) | SU | 166.90 ± 4.88 | −3.92 ± 3.80% (d = 0.918) |
−1.30 | −5.85 | −4.83 | −7.33 | −6.30 | −5.36 | 3.54 |
| UN | 160.39 ± 8.76a | |||||||||
| Hip angle (trail leg) TO (°) | SU | 94.20 ± 5.88 | −0.13 ± 3.63% (d = 0.021) |
−3.77 | 4.27 | 4.19 | 1.53 | −1.60 | −0.64 | −4.88 |
| UN | 94.07 ± 6.56 | |||||||||
| Peak vertical thigh (trail leg) velocity (m/s) | SU | 5.83 ± 0.40 | 9.29 ± 6.97% (d = 1.099) |
16.83 | 17.83 | 14.36 | 8.15 | 1.65 | 2.80 | 3.41 |
| UN | 6.37 ± 0.57a | |||||||||
| Knee angle (trail leg) TD (°) | SU | 100.00 ± 8.15 | 11.20 ± 4.14% (d = 1.232) |
9.85 | 13.10 | 11.87 | 17.70 | 4.40 | 12.72 | 8.76 |
| UN | 111.19 ± 9.92b | |||||||||
| Minimum knee angle (trial leg) (°) | SU | 37.37 ± 15.10 | 21.43 ± 30.08% (d = 0.412) |
39.08 | 35.68 | 74.89 | 1.27 | 8.32 | 3.20 | −12.44 |
| UN | 43.09 ± 12.53 | |||||||||
| Knee angle (trial leg) TO (°) | SU | 73.86 ± 18.30 | 13.40 ± 17.03% (d = 0.481) |
21.44 | 39.49 | 10.46 | 28.09 | −8.23 | −0.84 | 3.36 |
| UN | 81.78 ± 14.36 | |||||||||
| Peak vertical shank (trail leg) velocity (m/s) | SU | 6.14 ± 0.73 | 6.22 ± 7.15% (d = 0.537) |
5.23 | −6.96 | 9.15 | 11.46 | 14.35 | 1.45 | 8.84 |
| UN | 6.49 ± 0.56 | |||||||||
| Hip angle (take-off leg) TD (°) | SU | 148.70 ± 10.19 | 2.73 ± 3.93% (d = 0.393) |
1.37 | −1.43 | 0.72 | 0.84 | 10.72 | 4.14 | 2.74 |
| UN | 152.63 ± 9.78 | |||||||||
| Hip angle (take-off leg) TO (°) | SU | 171.09 ± 5.43 | 0.61 ± 3.37% (d = 0.215) |
5.06 | −4.94 | 2.04 | 1.51 | 1.29 | −2.84 | 2.15 |
| UN | 171.99 ± 2.36 | |||||||||
| Knee angle (take-off leg) TD (°) | SU | 162.77 ± 5.69 | 2.74 ± 5.23% (d = 0.722) |
1.51 | −2.18 | −3.62 | 3.26 | 11.47 | 7.22 | 1.50 |
| UN | 167.05 ± 6.17 | |||||||||
| Minimum knee angle (take-off leg) (°) | SU | 140.22 ± 6.96 | −2.99 ± 3.41 (d = 0.663) |
−7.85 | −0.50 | 0.75 | −4.38 | −3.82 | 0.84 | −5.95 |
| UN | 135.93 ± 5.94 | |||||||||
| Knee angle (take-off leg) TO (°) | SU | 170.53 ± 5.47 | −0.18 ± 3.63% (d = 0.075) |
−3.93 | −2.20 | 2.80 | −1.33 | 6.61 | −1.04 | −2.17 |
| UN | 170.12 ± 5.27 | |||||||||
| Ankle angle (take-off leg) TD (°) | SU | 120.96 ± 4.21 | 4.63 ± 5.46% (d = 1.028) |
−4.06 | 4.00 | 3.97 | 0.82 | 6.52 | 13.14 | 8.06 |
| UN | 126.48 ± 6.33 | |||||||||
| Minimum ankle angle (take-off leg) (°) | SU | 105.05 ± 3.10 | −3.75 ± 6.44% (d = 0.952) |
−14.81 | −4.47 | −4.64 | −7.55 | −0.01 | −0.23 | 5.45 |
| UN | 100.99 ± 5.17 | |||||||||
| Ankle angle (take-off leg) TO (°) | SU | 132.53 ± 5.75 | −0.47 ± 6.30% (d = 0.097) |
−0.74 | −5.76 | −4.27 | −7.50 | 2.73 | 11.08 | 1.16 |
| UN | 131.82 ± 8.60 | |||||||||
| Shoulder–hip separation TD (°) | SU | 40.00 ± 12.34 | −7.19 20.94 (d = 0.336) |
1.89 | −22.03 | −35.29 | 19.23 | −10.53 | −21.43 | 17.86 |
| UN | 36.14 ± 10.54 | |||||||||
| Shoulder–hip separation TO (°) | SU | 12.57 ± 5.03 | −16.89 ± 66.69% (d = 0.354) |
−50.00 | −50.00 | −93.33 | 19.05 | 90.00 | 37.50 | −71.43 |
| UN | 10.00 ± 8.96 | |||||||||
| Shoulder–hip separation ROM (°) | SU | 52.57 ± 10.34 | −11.17 ± 24.03% (d = 0.561) |
−3.39 | −27.40 | −53.06 | 19.15 | 10.42 | −12.00 | −11.90 |
| UN | 46.14 ± 12.47 |
The percentage differences between SU and UN are displayed for the combined sample (mean ± SD) and individual participants (P1–P7).
a
Significantly different from SU (p < 0.05).
b
Significantly different from SU (p < 0.01).