Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants, stratified by type 2 diabetes status (n = 218)
| Characteristics | T2D (n = 24) | Non-T2D (n = 194) |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yrs) | 56.1 (3.2) | 55.5 (3.3) | .52 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 32.2 (3.79) | 29.0 (4.54) | .03 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 108 (8.79) | 98.3 (11.6) | .001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.01 (1.29) | 5.49 (0.51) | <.001 |
| Insulin (mIU/l) | 21.1 (42.4) | 8.47 (6.97) | .05 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 132 (56.9) | 99.2 (13.0) | <.001 |
| ICAM-1 (ng/ml) | 904 (741) | 628 (231) | .003 |
| VCAM-1 (ng/ml) | 404 (254) | 318 (104) | <.001 |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | 2.4 (2.17) | 2.09 (2.15) | .72 |
| P-selectin (ng/ml) | 98.5 (39.7) | 101 (29.6) | .81 |
| High-sensitivity CRP (mg/l) | 2.69 (2.65) | 2.95 (6.02) | .58 |
| MMP-2 (ng/ml) | 189 (61.9) | 166 (29.0) | .001 |
| MMP-9(ng/ml) | 337(157) | 334 (181) | .92 |
| sRAGE (pg/ml) | 996 (521) | 976 (435) | .86 |
| Fibrinogen (mg/dl) | 357 (77.5) | 351 (88.0) | .85 |
| DNAm level at TXNIP-cg19693031 | 0.69 (0.06) | 0.74 (0.05) | <.001 |
| Any medication for diabetes | 21 (0.88) | – | – |
| Current smoker | 8 (0.33) | 56 (0.29) | .48 |
| History of coronary heart disease | 8 (0.33) | 31 (0.16) | .10 |
| Hypertension | 8 (0.33) | 64 (0.33) | .44 |
| Physical activity (3 categories) | .71 | ||
| No physical activity | 2 (0.09) | 24 (0.23) | |
| Moderate physical activity | 15 (0.62) | 120 (0.62) | |
| Vigorous physical activity | 7 (0.29) | 50 (0.26) |
Note: T2D, type 2 diabetes. Data are shown as mean (SD) for continuous variables and as number of individuals (proportions) for categorical variables. p values are calculated from GEE models with occurrence of diabetes as the dependent variable. Bold type was used for significant p values.