Table 3.
Risk of bias assessment of the included studies.
| AUTHOR | YEAR | RANDOMIZATION PROCESS | DEVIATIONS FROM THE INTENDED INTERVENTION | MISSING OUTCOME DATA | MEASUREMENT OF THE OUTCOME | SELECTION OF THE REPORTED RESULTS | OVERALL RISE OF BIAS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fernando and Colleagues 36 | 1993 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Mozzati and Colleagues 37 | 2011 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Lopez and Colleagues 1 | 2012 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Mozzati and Colleagues 38 | 2012 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Paschoal and Santos-Pinto 39 | 2012 | Low | Low | Some concern | Low | Low | Some concern |
| Ferrante and Colleagues 40 | 2013 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Romao and Colleagues 3 | 2015 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Alan and Colleagues 41 | 2016 | Low | Low | Low | Low | High | High |
| Pedreira and Colleagues 42 | 2016 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Sierra and Colleagues 43 | 2016 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Farhadi and Colleagues 44 | 2017 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Feslihan and Eroglu 45 | 2019 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Ahrari and Colleagues 46 | 2020 | Some concern | Low | Low | Low | High | High |
| Rosero and Colleagues 52 | 2020 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Salem 4 | 2020 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Santos and Colleagues 47 | 2020 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Da Silva and Colleagues 48 | 2021 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Isolan and Colleagues 6 | 2021 | Some concern | Low | Low | Low | Low | Some concern |
| Momeni and Colleagues 5 | 2021 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Scarano and Colleagues 49 | 2021 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| Hadad and Colleagues 50 | 2022 | Some concern | Low | Some concern | Low | Low | Some concern |
| Le and Colleagues 51 | 2022 | Low | Low | Some concern | Low | Low | Some concern |